强迫症 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder(OCD)

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is recurring, but an obsessive pattern of unwanted thoughts or feelings that causes people to do repetitive behaviors. Examples include repetitive activities such as washing hands, checking things, or counting.

强迫症（OCD）是一种反复出现，但具有不需要的想法或感觉的痴迷模式，导致人们做重复性行为的疾病。例如，重复的洗手，检查东⻄，计数等活动。

These obsessions and impulses significantly interfere with the daily and social activities of people with this disorder and also cause them great distress.

这些痴迷和冲动显著地干扰了患有这种疾病的患者的日常活动和社交活动，也给他们造成了巨大的痛苦。

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) usually includes both obsessions and compulsions. You may or may not realize that your symptoms are irrational or even excessive, but they take up a lot of time and interfere with your daily life, social activities, etc.

强迫症通常包括痴迷和强迫两种症状。你可能会或者不会意识到你的症状是不合理甚至是过度的，但它们占用了你大量的时间，干扰了你的日常生活和社交活动等。

痴迷 Obsessions

Obsessions “are recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that cause distressing emotions such as anxiety, fear or disgust.” (Geller, 2022) Obsessions may include a fear of contamination, extreme concern with order, or recurrent unwanted intrusive thoughts of sounds, images, words, or numbers.

痴迷（Obsessions）“是反复出现的、持续的思想、冲动或图像，引起焦虑、恐惧或厌恶等痛苦的情绪。”（Geller, 2022）强迫症可能包括对环境污染的恐惧（洁癖），对秩序的极度关注，或对声音、图像、文字或数字反复出现的不必要的侵入性想法。

强迫/冲动 Compulsions

Compulsions “are repetitive and excessive behaviors or mental acts that a person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession.”(Geller, 2022) These behaviors might involve excessive cleaning, checking locks, counting, or approval seeking.

强迫/冲动（Compulsions）“是指一个人感到被趋势而执行的具有重复性、且过度的行为或心理行为。”（Geller, 2022）这些行为可能涉及过度清洁、反复检查⻔锁、持续计数或寻求批准等。

治疗方法 Treatments

“The most effective treatments for OCD are Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) or medication. More specifically, the most effective treatments are a type of CBT called Exposure and Response Prevention. (ERP)” (International OCD Foundation, 2010a)

“对强迫症最有效的治疗方法是认知行为疗法(CBT)或药物治疗。更具体地说，最有效的治疗方法是CTB的一种叫做暴露和反应预防。(ERP)”（International OCD Foundation, 2010a）

Exposure and Response Prevention is the most important type of CBT for OCD. “The exposure component of ERP refers to practicing confronting the thoughts, images, objects, and

situations that make you anxious or provoke your obsessions.” (International OCD Foundation, 2010b) The response prevention component of ERP refers to choosing not to engage in compulsive behaviors once anxiety or compulsions have been ‘triggered’. This type of treatment is usually done by a licensed mental health professional in an outpatient setting. These professionals include psychologists, mental health counselors, etc.

暴露和反应预防是强迫症的最重要的CBT类型。“ERP的暴露部分是指练习面对那些使你焦虑或激起你的强迫症的想法、图像、物体和情况”。（International OCD Foundation, 2010b）ERP的反应预防部分是指一旦焦虑或强迫行为被“触发”，就选择不参与强迫行为。这种治疗方式通常是由有执照的心理健康专业人士在⻔诊环境下进行。这些专业人士包括心理学家,心理健康咨询师等。

预防方法 Prevention

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) Prevention:

Although there is no sure way to prevent OCD. However, seeking professional help and getting treatment as soon as possible may help you prevent your OCD from worsening and interfering with your daily life or normal activities in social settings.

虽然并没有确切的方式去预防强迫症。但是，寻求专业人士的帮助并且尽快接受治疗可以有助于防止强迫症恶化、防止对你的日常生活或是正常的社交场所活动产生的干扰。

参考文献 References

American Psychiatric Association. (2022). What is OCD? | APA. In YouTube.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1MJVG8kWBbc

Geller, J. (2022, October). Psychiatry.org - What Is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?

Psychiatry.org. https://www.psychiatry.org/patie ... sive-disorder/what-

is-obsessive-compulsive-disorder

International OCD Foundation. (2010a). How is OCD Treated? International OCD Foundation.

https://iocdf.org/about-ocd/ocd-treatment/

International OCD Foundation. (2010b). International OCD Foundation | Exposure and Response

Prevention (ERP). International OCD Foundation. https://iocdf.org/about-ocd/ocd-treatment/erp/

Mayo Clinic. (2020, March 11). Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD) - Symptoms and Causes.

Mayo Clinic; Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/disea ... sessive-compulsive-

disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20354432

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