糖尿病 Diabetes

01

糖尿病

Diabetes

糖尿病是一种常见的代谢性疾病，在一些工业化水平和生活水平较高的国家，其患病率较高。它是种严重危害人类健康的疾病，它可以引起许多致命性的并发症。它可以促进大血管动脉粥样硬化，因而促发冠心病、脑血栓及下股血管供血不足。同时也叮引起微血管病变，糖尿病病人也容易并发各种感染。随着我国工业化水平和人民生活水平的提高，糖尿病的发病率也随着增高。因此预防与治疗糖尿病成为我国乃至全世界的一个很重要的问题。

Diabetes is a common metabolic disease with a higher prevalence in countries with higher levels of industrialization and living standards. It is a serious disease that endangers human health. It can cause many fatal complications.It can promote atherosclerosis of the large vessels, and thus promote coronary heart disease, cerebral thrombosis and insufficient blood supply of the lower femoral vessels. At the same time also causes microvascular lesions, diabetes patients are also prone to complications of various infections. With the improvement of industrial level and people's living standard, the incidence of diabetes is also increasing. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of diabetes has become a very important issue in our country and even in the world.

糖尿病是一组因胰岛素绝对或相对分泌不足和（或）胰岛素利用障碍引起的碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪代谢紊乱性疾病，以高血糖为主要标志。

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of chaotic diseases of carbohydrate, protein and lipometabolin caused by absolute or relative insufficiency of insulin secretion and impairment of insulin utilization, which is mainly marked by hyperglycemia.

02

糖尿病类型

Types of diabetes

• 1型糖尿病 Type l diabetes
• 2型糖尿病 Type 2 diabetes
• 特殊型糖尿病 Specific type diabetes
  
  

  (1) 胰岛β细胞功能遗传性缺陷所致糖尿病

Diabetes mellitus caused by hereditary defect of islet beta cell function

  (2) 胰岛素作用遗传性缺陷所致糖尿病

Diabetes caused by genetic defects of insulin action

  (3) 胰腺外分泌疾病所致糖尿病

Diabetes mellitus caused by pancreatic exocrine diseases

  (4) 其他内分泌疾病所致糖尿病

Diabetes caused by other endocrine diseases

  (5) 药物或化学品所致糖尿病

Diabetes caused by drugs or chemicals

  (6) 感染所致糖尿病

Diabetes caused by infection

  (7) 不常见的免疫介导性糖尿病

Uncommon immune-mediated diabetes

  (8) 其他与糖尿病相关的遗传综合征

Other genetic syndromes associated with diabetes

总体来说，遗传因素和环境因素共同导致了糖尿病的发生。主要是由于胰岛细胞功能障碍导致的胰岛素分泌下降，或者机体对胰岛素作用不敏感或两者兼备，而导致血液中的葡萄糖不能有效被利用和储存。

Overall, both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of diabetes. lt is mainly due to the dysfunction of islet cells resulting in decreased insulin secretion, or the body is not sensitive to the action of insulin or both,resulting in the effective use and storage of glucose in the blood.

当前，除了部分特殊类型糖尿病的分子病因明确外，绝大多数糖尿病的分子病因尚不明确。糖尿病有一定的遗传易感性，存在家族聚集现象。但是，流行病学和临床医学研究已经非常明确，导致2型糖尿病的主要原因是不良生活方式。如果要减少我国糖尿病的患病人数，改善促进不良生活方式形成的社会环境是根本出路。

At present, except for some specific types of diabetes, the molecular etiology of most diabetes is not clear. Diabetes mellitus has a certain genetic susceptibility, there is a family aggregation phenomenon. However, epidemiological and clinical research has been very clear that the main cause of type 2 diabetes is poor lifestyle. lf the number of diabetics in our country is to be reduced, the fundamental solution is to improve the social environment that promotes unhealthy lifestyles.

03

糖尿病典型症状

The typical symptoms of diabetes

“

糖尿病的典型症状为与高血糖相关的“三多一少”和皮肤感染、乏力、视力变化等症状和临床表现，但很多早期患者常常没有任何症状或者症状较轻。

The typical symptoms of diabetes are “three more and one less” related to hyperglycemia, skin infection, fatigue, vision changes and other symptoms and clinical manifestations, but many early patients often have no symptoms or mild symptoms.

随着疾病的发展，糖尿病患者会逐渐出现多系统损伤，并出现与并发症相关的临床症状。

As the disease progresses, patients with diabetes will gradually develop multi-system impairment and clinical symptoms associated with complications.

”

04

预防糖尿病

Prevent diabetes

预防糖尿病，要做到拥有良好的饮食习惯、坚持运动、定期做检查等。

To prevent diabetes, we should have a good diet, exercise persistently, check-up regularly and so on.

1

养成良好的饮食习惯

Develop good eating habits

糖尿病属于一种比较常见的内分泌疾病，通过饮食调理可以达到预防作用，在日常生活中，最好不要吃含糖量高的食物或者是热量高的食品。

Diabetes is a relatively common endocrine disease,which can be prevented through diet conditioning. In daily life, it is better not to eat food with high sugar content or food with high calorie content.

2

运动

Exercise

预防糖尿病期间还需要戒烟戒酒和严格控制体重，最好适当做一些有氧运动来锻炼，比如跑步和跳绳，可以促进身体新陈代谢和调节内分泌。

During the prevention of diabetes, it is also necessary to quit smoking, drink alcohol and strictly control weight. It is best to do some aerobic exercise, such as running and skipping rope, which can promote the body metabolism and regulate endocrine.

3

定期做检查

Regular examination

定期到医院做空腹血糖检测，可以准确判断体内的血糖水平，还能在早期做改善和预防。

Going to the hospital for fasting blood glucose test regularly can accurately determine the blood glucose level in the body and can also be improved and prevented at an early stage.

糖尿病是我国乃至世界的一个重要问题，是一个不可忽视的问题，因此为了减少发病率以及保持安康生化方式，呼吁大家要控制血糖，享受安康生活！

Diabetes is an important problem in our country and even the world, which can not be ignored. Therefore, in order to reduce the incidence and maintain a healthy biochemical way, we call on everyone to control blood sugar and enjoy a health life!

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