有趣的水母 Intriguing Jellyfish

有趣的水母 Intriguing Jellyfish

Jellyfish are floating aquatic animals with umbrella-shaped tentacles that trail behind them. Itshabitats are widespread throughout the world, from shallow waters to deep oceans. Large andvibrant jellyfish are typically seen in coastal zones worldwide. Being the oldest category ofmulti-organ animals, jellyfish have been around for at least 500 million years and possibly morethan 700 million years. In biology, jellyfish are commonly utilized in experiments. The greenfluorescent protein (GFP) that some jelly species produce can cause bioluminescence and serves asa luminescent biomarker for genes that have been integrated into different cells or species.

水母是漂浮的水生动物，它们的身后拖着伞状触须。 它的栖息地广泛遍布于世界各地，从浅海到深海。 大型而充满活力的水母通常出现在世界各地的沿海地区。 作为多器官动物中最古老的一类，水母已经存在至少 5 亿年，甚至可能超过 7 亿年。 在生物学中，水母常被用于实验。 某些水母物种分泌的绿色荧光蛋白 (GFP) 可以引起生物发光，是一种可以作为在不同细胞或物种中的基因的发光生物标志物。

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有趣的水母 Intriguing Jellyfish

One of the world's mostpoisonous animals is

the Box Jellyfish, namely the Carybdeabranchi. Referred to by their body structure, boxjellyfish feature square-shaped bells and tentacles coveredwith nematocysts, which are microscopic dartsfilled with poison. Any organism that comes intocontact with its toxin will suffer severe impairment of the heart, neurological system, and skin cells. Within a few minutes of being stung, those humans and animals may go into cardiac arrest, paralysis, and even perhaps death. While the majority of box jellyfish are located in warm coastal seas, the lethal types are mostly found in the Indo-Pacific region and northern Australia. Another distinguishing aspect of box jellyfish is that they haveclusters of eyes on either side of the box, allowing them to see and swim towards their preyintensely.

世界上毒性最强的动物之一是 箱形水母
，即南非箱形水母。 从它们的身体结构来看，箱形水母具有方形的铃铛和覆盖着线虫囊的 触须，线虫囊是充满毒药的微小飞镖。 任何与其毒素接触的生命体都会被严重损害心脏、神经系统和皮肤细胞。 在被蜇伤后的几分钟内，这些人和动物可能会心脏骤停、瘫痪，甚至死亡。 虽然大多数箱形水母生活在温暖的沿海海域，但最致命的类型主要分布在印度洋-太平洋地区和澳大利亚北部。 箱形水母的另一个特点是它们在箱子的两侧都有一簇眼睛，这使它们能够看到并快速地游向猎物。

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有趣的水母 Intriguing Jellyfish

Fried Egg Jellyfish, also known asEgg-Yolk Jellies, gets its common name from itssmooth translucent bell, which has an elevatedyolk-yellow bell in the center, giving theappearance of a cracked egg floating through the water. This jellyfish has no respiratory, circulatory,or excretory systems in its body. By contrast, itperforms all necessary activity in those systemsusing its vast surface area. It has numerous shortappendages that extend from the mouth-brachial openings which the jellyfish use to forage and capture prey. The top smooth spherical bell can growup to 35cm in diameter and pulses as it swims. Despite its ability to swim in water, fried egg jellyfish prefer to drift with the currents while remaining stationary.

煎蛋水母，也被称为蛋黄水母，因其光滑的半透明钟形状而得名，它的中心有一个凸起的蛋黄钟形物，看起来像一个破裂的鸡蛋漂浮在水中。 这种水母体内没有呼吸系统、循环系统或排泄系统。相比之下，它们利用自己的巨大的表面面积在这些系统中执行所有必要的活动。 它有许多短的附属物，从捕获猎物的嘴臂里面开口延伸出来用来捕食。 顶部光滑的球形铃铛直径可达 35 厘米，并在游动时发出脉动。 尽管具有在水中游泳的能力，但煎蛋水母更喜欢在保持静止的情况下随水流漂流。

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有趣的水母 Intriguing Jellyfish

The Lion's ManeJellyfish is the world's

largest jellyfish species. Someindividuals even rival the size of the blue whale, thebiggest mammal, with tentacles up to 120 feet long.Its colloquial name comes from its thickhair-like tentacles. Furthermore, the tentacles thatencircle the mouth and hang from the underside of its body are separated into eight clusters, each with up to 150 tentacles. The upper portion of the Lion's Mane Jellyfish bell is normally dark yellow or red, thick, and thins out towards the edges. The tentacles are armed with nematocysts that contain poison and paralyze prey when they are engulfed. Lion's manejellyfish also have bioluminescent properties, which means they can generate their own light andglow in the dark.

狮鬃水母是世界上体型最大的水母。 有些个体的体型甚至可以与最大的哺乳动物蓝鲸媲美，它们的触须长达120英尺。它的俗名来自其浓密的毛发状触须。此外，狮鬃水母有环绕嘴巴并从身体下方垂下的 触须，被分为八组，每组多达 150 条触须。 狮鬃水母钟形体的上部通常呈深黄色或红色，较厚，并向边缘逐渐变薄。 触须上长有线虫囊，负责麻痹正在被吞噬的猎物们。 狮鬃水母还具有生物发光特性，这意味着它们可以产生自己的光并在黑暗中发光。

有趣的水母 Intriguing Jellyfish

Jellyfish have two different body forms during their life cycles: Medusa and Polyps. Polypsreproduce asexually via budding, whereas medusae reproduce sexually by spawning eggs andsperm. The process of sperm fertilization into eggs, which develop into larval planulae, takes threedays. The larva matures into polyps, then into ephyrae, and finally into adult medusae. If there is asubstantial quantity of food, jellyfish spawn their egg or sperm on a regular basis as they reachadulthood. In the majority of species, spawning is regulated by light, with all individuals spawningaround the same time of day, usually at dawn or dusk. Jellyfish are typically either male or female,with some exceptions of hermaphrodites, which have both male and female reproductive systems.

水母在其生命周期中有两种不同的体型:美杜莎和水螅体。 水螅体通过出芽来进行无性繁殖，而美杜莎则通过产卵和精子来进行有性繁殖。精子受精成卵，发育成幼虫的过程需要三天。 幼虫成长为水螅体，然后发育成蜾蠃，最后发育为成年水母。 如果有大量的食物，水母在成年后会定期产卵或精子。 在大多数物种中，产卵受光照调节的影响，所有个体大约都在一天中的同一时间产卵，通常是在黎明或者黄昏。 水母通常是雄性或雌性，但雌雄同体除外，它们同时具有雄性和雌性生殖系统。

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