《古文献学讲义》笔记3:目录学-史部 第1-6节
<div style="max-width:677px;overflow:hidden;"><section style="text-indent: 2em;" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;width: 100%;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;flex-direction: column;padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="width: 11px;height: 16px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;margin-right: -7.1px;margin-bottom: -5.1px;align-self: flex-end;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><br></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;text-indent: 2em;"><br></section><section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;width: 100%;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;flex-direction: column;width: 100%;padding: 0px 6px 0px 11px;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="width: 16px;height: 4px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;align-self: flex-start;z-index: 1;margin-left: 18px;margin-bottom: 1px;background: #ffffff;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"></section><section style="width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="width: 100%;text-align: left;background: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);transform: translate(-4.1px, -4.1px);padding: 16px 3px 16px 14px;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="font-size: 14px;font-family: PingFangSC-Medium, PingFang SC;font-weight: bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 20px;text-indent: 0em;"><strong style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">本次大纲(</strong><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">目录学·史部 第1-6节)</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;clear: both;max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;min-height: 1em;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;">第一节 概说</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;clear: both;max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;min-height: 1em;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;">第二节 纪传</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;clear: both;max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;min-height: 1em;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;">第三节 编年</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;clear: both;max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;min-height: 1em;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;">第四节 纪事本末</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;clear: both;max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;min-height: 1em;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;">第五节 杂史</span></p></section></section><section style="width: 31px;height: 4px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;align-self: flex-end;margin-right: 31px;margin-top: -8.1px;margin-bottom: 4px;background: #ffffff;z-index: 1;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><br></section><section style="margin: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;text-indent: 2em;"><br></section><section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;width: 100%;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;flex-direction: column;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="width: 33px;height: 9px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;align-self: center;margin-bottom: -4.1px;z-index: 1;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"></section><section style="text-align: center;padding: 5px 13px 4px 17px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(113, 163, 196);" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><p style="font-size: 16px;font-family: PingFangSC-Semibold, PingFang SC;font-weight: bold;color: #5A8EB3;line-height: 22px;letter-spacing: 2px;" data-mid=""><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">目录学·史部 第1-6节</span></p></section><section style="width: 19px;height: 21px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;margin-right: -6.1px;margin-top: -18.1px;align-self: flex-end;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;text-indent: 2em;"><br></section><section style="text-align: center;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;">第一节 概说</span></strong></span></section><section style="text-align: center;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;"><br></span></strong></span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><strong style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">一.怎样讲史部</span></strong></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">(一)史部的分类历史</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">刘歆《七略》、班固《汉书·艺文志》,史书著录在六艺的“春秋”一类里。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">2.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">四部分类法,和经、子并列。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">3.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《四库提要》在史部下分:正史、编年、纪事本末、别史、杂史、诏令奏议、传记、史钞、载记、时令、地理、职官、政书、目录、史评共十五类。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">4.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">正史、编年、纪事本末是我国古代史书的三种主要体裁</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">(二)本书将史部的方法</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">只讲经籍之目即书目,故而按照纪传、编年、纪事本末、杂史、载记、传记、诏令奏议、政书、地理、目录、史评十一类来讲授。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><br></span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:0;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">一.主要参考书</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">(一)金毓黻的《中国史学史》。</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(二)</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">柴德赓的《史籍举要》</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,《二十四史》尤好。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(三)</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">王树民的《史部要籍解题》</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;">第二节 纪传</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;"><br></span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">一.纪传史和正史</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">(一)史书的格式</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《史记》:本纪、表、书、世家、列传</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">2.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《汉书》:本纪、志、表、列传,成为纪传体史书的固定格式。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">3.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">本纪、列传一定有,故习惯称之为“纪传体”、“纪传史”</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">(二)正史和纪传之间的关系</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">把纪传史称之为正史的源流:</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">1</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)《隋书·经籍志》、《旧唐书·经籍志》,没规定纪传史中哪几种算是正史</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">只要是纪传体的都可进入正史类。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">2</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)盛唐时刘知几撰写《史通》的“古今正史”篇</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">甚至把《尚书》《春秋》和《十六国春秋》都算在正史里面。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"> (</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">3</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)比较严格地把纪传史入正史:南宋初晁公武的《郡斋读书志》、南宋末陈振孙的《直斋书录解题》</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">4</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)正史的品种名目定型与文天祥“一部《十七史》从何说起”。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">2.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">为什么将纪传史称为正史?</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">因为纪传史的纪、志、表、传这种体制齐全,于是有正史之称,但没有把编年史、杂史摒弃为不正之史。</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><br></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">二.二十四史</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">(一)《二十四史》的形成</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"> 1.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">魏晋南北朝,《史记》《汉书》和《东观汉记》为《三史》;</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"> 2.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">唐,《史记》《汉书》和《后汉书》为《三史》,科举考试设置“三史科”;</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"> </span>3.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">大概清代,《史记》《汉书》《后汉书》《三国志》合称《四史》,又称前《四史》;</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"> </span>4.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">南宋绍兴十四年,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">以《宋》《齐》《梁》《陈》《魏》《北齐》《周书》为《眉山七史》</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"> </span>5.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《二十四史》排列次序:先南朝的《宋书》《南齐书》《梁书》《陈书》</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">再北朝的《魏书》《北齐书》《周书》加上《隋书》</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">然后才是《南史》和《北史》。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"> </span>6.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">南宋《十七史》,包括《史记》《汉书》《后汉书》《三国志》《晋书》《宋书》《南齐书》《梁书》《陈书》《魏书》《北齐书》《周书》《隋书》《南史》《北史》</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">加上《新唐书》《新五代史》共十七部</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《旧唐书》《旧五代史》被排挤掉不曾算进去。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"> </span>7.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">明代《二十一史》,包括《史记》《汉书》《后汉书》《三国志》《晋书》《宋书》《南齐书》《梁书》《陈书》《魏书》《北齐书》《周书》《隋书》《南史》《北史》</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">加上《新唐书》《新五代史》《宋史》《辽史》《金史》《元史》共二十一部,除掉《旧唐书》和《旧五代史》。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"> </span>8.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">乾隆十一年十二月刻成《二十一史》,加上《旧唐书》成为《二十二史》</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">但囿于习惯</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">十二年二月的御制序仍曰《重刊二十一史序》</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">而版心也一律刻作“乾隆四年校刊”。其后辑成《旧五代史》付刻</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">版心方如实题作“乾隆四十九年校刊”。再加上《明史》</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《二十四史》之称即起于此时。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"> </span>9.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">今本前十五史成书先后:史记、汉书、三国志、后汉书、宋书、南齐书、魏书、梁书、陈书、北齐书、周书、隋书、晋书、南朝书、北朝书。(来自陈垣《史源学杂文》:《廿二史札记》</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">列传名目沿革条正误)</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:0;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">(二)《二十四史》的内容</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">1. 《史记》,有本纪、表、书、世家、列传,西汉司马迁撰,参考司马谈史稿</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"> (</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">1</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)书名形成过程:《汉书·艺文志》称《太史公》百三十篇;《隋书·经籍志》才称之为《史记》一百三十卷</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">2</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)《史记》“三家注”:东晋裴骃集解</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">唐司马贞索隐</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">唐张守节正义</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">3</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">1934</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">年日本泷川资言《史记会注考证》,搜罗多种旧本和成果作考证,收宋以来刻本未见过的日本东北大学藏庆长宽永活字本《史记》上栏标记《正义》一千二三百条。日本水泽利忠为泷川书撰写了《校补》。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">2. 汉书一百卷,有纪、志、表、传,东汉班固撰,参班彪旧稿</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"> (1)注本:唐颜师古注,水平不高。清王先谦《汉书补注》、杨树达《汉书窥管》,有用。</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">3.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《后汉书》一百二十卷,有本纪、列传,宋范晔撰。志,司马彪撰。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"> (1)注本:</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">①本纪、列传:章怀太子李贤注,实出于张大安、刘纳言之手。清王先谦《后汉书集解》,有用。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">②志:萧梁刘昭注。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"> 4.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《三国志》六十五卷,分《魏书》《蜀书》《吴书》,有本纪、列传,西晋陈寿撰。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"> (</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">1</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)注本:近人卢弼撰《三国志集解》、王先谦</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">5.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《晋书》一百三十卷,有纪、志、传,唐房玄龄等奉敕撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">1</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)吴士鉴撰《晋书斟注》</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">6.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《宋书》一百卷,有纪、志、传</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">萧梁沈约撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">7.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《南齐书》五十九卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">有纪、志、传</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">萧梁萧子显撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">8.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《梁书》五十六卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">只有纪、传</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">题唐姚思廉奉敕撰。是个人执笔的官修。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">9.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《陈书》三十六卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">只有纪、传</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">题唐姚思廉奉敕撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">10.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《魏书》一百十四卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">有纪、传、志</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">题北齐魏收奉敕撰</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">11.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《北齐书》五十卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">只有纪、传</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">题唐李百药奉敕撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">12.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《周书》五十卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">只有纪、传</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">题唐令狐德棻等奉敕撰</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">令狐为主要执笔者。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">13.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《隋书》八十五卷,有纪、传,唐魏徵等奉敕撰,志三十卷本名《五代史志》,唐长孙无忌等奉敕修五代志,修成后并入《隋书》。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">14.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《南史》八十卷,有纪、传,唐李延寿撰。用南朝的《宋书》《南齐书》《梁书》《陈书》综合加工改造而成。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">15.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《北史》一百卷,有纪、传,唐李延寿撰。用北朝的《魏书》《北齐书》《周书》加上《隋书》综合加工改造而成。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">《二十四史》排列次序:先南朝的《宋书》《南齐书》《梁书》《陈书》</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">再北朝的《魏书》《北齐书》《周书》加上《隋书》</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">然后才是《南史》和《北史》。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">16.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《旧唐书》二百卷,本命《唐书》,有纪、志、传,后晋刘昫等奉敕撰,监修的赵莹。尤为有功。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">17.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《新唐书》二百二十五卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">有纪、志、表、传,北宋欧阳修、宋祁奉敕重修,宰相曾公亮上进书表。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">18.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《旧五代史》一百五十卷,《目录》二卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">本名《五代史》,有纪、传、志,宋薛居正等奉敕撰</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">19.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《新五代史》七十四卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《目录》一卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">本命《五代史记》,有纪、传、考、世家、四夷附录,北宋欧阳修撰</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"> (</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">1</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)注本:附有徐无党的注,彭元瑞利用薛史给《新五代史》作注</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">撰成《五代史记注》七十四卷。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">20.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《宋史》四百九十六卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">有纪、志、表、传,本题元脱脱等奉敕撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">21.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《辽史》一百十六卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">有纪、志、表、传,本题元脱脱等奉敕撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">22.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《金史》一百三十五卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">有纪、志、表、传,本题元脱脱等奉敕撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">23.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《元史》二百一十卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">有纪、志、表、传,明宋濂等奉敕撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">24.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《明史》三百三十六卷,有纪、志、表、传,清张廷玉等奉敕撰。实以康熙时明史馆万斯同等学人撰写者为蓝本加工而成的。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">以上为《二十四史》</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">26.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《新元史》二百五十七卷、《新元史考证》五十八卷,柯劭忞撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">27.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《清史稿》五百三十六卷,有纪、志、表、传,民国赵尔巽主持的清史馆所撰修。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">1</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)印本:有关内、关外两种印本</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">关外本有张勋、康有为传</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">其后又有据关外本删去《时宪志》六卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">并增删附传</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">成五百二十九卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">连目录五卷为五百三十四卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">也叫关外本。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">(三)《二十四史》的主要版本</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">明南京国子监本据旧书版《二十一史》。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">2.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">万历时北京国子监重刻了一套版式字体整齐划一的《二十一史》。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">3.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">崇祯时毛晋汲古阁据宋元旧刻,统一字体板式刻《十七史》。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">4.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">乾隆时武英殿刻殿本《二十四史》,除《明史》外没卷后附有“考证”。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">5.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">同治光绪时金陵书局和江苏、扬州、浙江、崇文四书局据毛晋汲古阁本《十七史》、殿本和其他本子合刻《二十四史》。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">6.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">民国十九年,商务印书馆张元济主持刻《百衲本二十四史》。</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">1958</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">年有精装本。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">7.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">民国二十四年,开明书店将《新元史》和殿本《二十四史》影印了大本精装的《二十五史》。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">8.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">中华书局点校本《二十四史》,点校本《清史稿》,是通行常用的本子。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">9.1986</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">年上海古籍出版社和上海书店将二次关外本《清史稿》和殿本《二十四史》影印了《二十五史》。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br></span></span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:0;"><strong><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">三.二十四史的重要性及其读法</span></strong><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">(一)重要性</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">1. 秦汉以至魏晋南北朝和隋,《史记》《汉书》直到《南史》《北史》就都成为了第一手资料,并且很少再有其他第一手资料可利用。有其他大量第一手资料可利用要到唐和唐以后,但如说最有系统最称完善最为全面的,还得推从新旧《唐书》到《明史》以至《清史稿》这些纪传史。</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">2. 历史的主体或说骨干还得靠纪传史书来建立,血肉也多数得靠纪传史书来丰满。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">(二)读法:从列传开始,再读本纪。结合诏令、《食货志》《艺文志》《儒林》《文苑》等类传来研究。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><br></span></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">四.二十四史的辅助书籍</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">(一)清乾嘉时的三部史学名著</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《廿二史考异》一百卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">钱大昕撰。指《二十一史》加上《旧唐书》,当时《旧五代史》尚未刊行,明史因为时代近也没有加进去。宋元两代史事功力尤深。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">2.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《十七史商榷》一百卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">王鸣盛撰。读汲古阁本《十七史》时所撰写的</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">在校勘考证上不如钱氏《考异》的精密</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">而所诠解典章制度及评论史书得失</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">指导如何阅读</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">对后学却大有帮助。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">3.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《廿二史札记》三十六卷、《补遗》一卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">赵翼撰。指《二十一史》、新旧《唐书》合为一史,新旧《五代史》合为一史,《明史》共《二十二史》。模仿清初顾炎武的《日知录》</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">用所谓“属辞比事”的归纳方法把有关史料搜辑到一起</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">不仅评论诸史撰写的得失</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">更着重对历朝多种历史现象作评析。赵氏在此前还撰有《陔余丛考》四十三卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">其中讲史书部分与《笥记》互有详略</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">也很可读。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">(二)《二十四史》的志、表补缺工作</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">开明书店《二十五史补编》,其后又由中华书局一再重印。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">2.公认高水平的有:邓广铭的《宋史职官志考证》和《宋史刑法志考证》,唐长孺的《唐书兵志笺证》。姚薇元的专著《北朝胡姓考》其实也可说是对《魏书·官氏志》的笺证,为治北朝史事者所重视。</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">3.1997</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">年《二十四史人名索引》,极为有用。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br></span></span></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">五.其他纪传史</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(一)《东观汉纪》二十四卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">是东汉时史官陆续修成的本朝史书</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">有纪、志、表、传。《隋书·经籍志》著录一百四十三卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">说是起光武记注至灵帝</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">长水校尉刘珍等撰”。到范晔《后汉书》风行后逐渐佚失。这二十四卷是修《四库全书》时从《永乐大典》中辑出的。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(二)《东都事略》一百三十卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">南宋初王称私撰的北宋史</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">有纪、世家、列传。所记史实有可补正元人所修《宋史》之处。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(三)《路史》四十七卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">南宋罗泌撰。其中“前纪”述初三皇至阴康、无怀之事</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">“后纪”述太昊至夏履癸之事</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">“国名纪”述上古代诸国姓氏地理</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">下至两汉之末</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">“发挥”“馀论”则辨难考证之文。此书保存了不少有关古史的神话传说</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">颇有价值。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(四)《契丹国志》二十七卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">有纪、传并杂录多卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">题南宋叶隆礼撰</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">《大金国志》四十卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">记金太祖至哀宗事</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">有纪、传并杂录多卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">题南宋宇文懋昭撰。其实与《契丹国志》均为元人伪作</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">由建阳书坊刊刻欺世。后者邓广铭有《再论〈大金国志〉和〈金人南迁录〉的真伪问题》一文</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">作了详细的论证。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(五)《晋略》六十卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">清周济撰</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">有纪、表、列传、国传</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">相当于《晋书》的《载记》、彙传</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">类传</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">),</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">道光时刊刻行世后</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">颇为时人所重视</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">认为识见超越了《晋书》。其实只是据《晋书》改写</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">并无史料价值</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">今天研究两晋史事不宜引用。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;">第三节 编年</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;"><br></span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">一.早期的编年史</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">(一)《竹书纪年》,《春秋经》和《左传》在经部。</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">战国魏国史官所记,西晋时出土。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:28px;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">《晋书</span>·東皙传》说:“太康二年,汲郡人不準盗发魏襄王墓,或言安釐王冢,得竹书数十车。其《纪年》十三篇,记夏以来至周幽王为犬戎所灭,以事接之,三家分,仍述魏事,至安厘王之二十年,盖魏国之史书,大略与《春秋》皆多相应。”</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">2.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">南北宋之际失传后关于《竹书纪年》的著作</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">1</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)明人《竹书纪年》二卷,伪撰。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">2</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)清朱右曾由《史记索隐》《水经注》《太平御览》等古籍中搜辑佚文</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">编成《汲冢纪年存真》。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">3</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)在朱辑《存真》的基础上再事增补</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">撰写《古本竹书纪年辑校》一卷,又撰写《今本竹书纪年疏证》二卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">逐条寻找明刻伪本之所依据。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">3.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《竹书纪年》的价值</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">可以补正《史记》战国部分的脱误,对研究战国历史有帮助,夏商西周史事不足凭信。</span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:0;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">(二)东汉至魏晋南北朝纪传史占优势,编年史传下来的有:</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">1. 《汉纪》三十卷,东汉荀悦撰,从史料角度讲并无价值,不宜引用。</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">2. 《后汉纪》三十卷,东晋袁宏撰,因为写成在范晔《后汉书》之前,有些记载较范书精确,可以和范书同样引用。</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><br></span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:0;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size: 14px;">二.</span><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">通鉴</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">(一)北宋司马光《资治通鉴》二百九十四卷,简称《通鉴》,与司马迁《史记》合称“两司马”。</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">时间:编年体接续《左传》</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">从公元前</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">403</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">年三家分晋写起</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">写到公元</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">959</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">年周世宗去世赵宋朝建立的前夕。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">2.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">书名:修成前八卷在治平三年进呈时题名《通志》,元丰七年书成进呈</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">神宗赐名《资治通鉴》。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">3.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">作者:分工执笔者有刘攽、刘恕、范祖禹</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">而由司马光一手主持并删定全书。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">4.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">史料价值:</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">1</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)隋以前最好引用纪传史而不宜用《通鉴》。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">2</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)《通鉴》的唐五代部分不仅和新旧《唐书》《五代史》有同等的史料价值</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">甚至有些地方还会高一些。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">3</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)司马光《资治通鉴考异》三十卷,优点:可知道《通鉴》如此记载是根据何书</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">;</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《考</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">异》引用保存了若干失传古籍的片断。</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">(4)司马光《资治通鉴目录》三十卷,大事记。不被重视。</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(5)《稽古录》二十卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,简略的编年史。不被重视。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">5.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">注本:宋胡三省的注。抗战时期陈垣《通鉴胡注表微》评论胡氏的史学成就及爱国思想。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">三.通鉴的续书和其他编年史</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(一)南宋人续《通鉴》的</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">有:</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《续资治通鉴长编》五百二十卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">南宋李焘撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">1</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)时间:从北宋太祖记至钦宗。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">2</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)“长编”的含义:先抄集资料成为“长编”然后提炼笔削成书。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">3</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)史料价值:资料实在搜集得很丰富</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">而且写明引用何书</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">因而极受今日研治北宋史事者重视。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">2.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《三朝北盟会编》二百五十卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">南宋徐梦莘撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">1</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)时间:北宋政和七年海上之盟到南宋绍兴三十一年间宋、金的交涉用兵。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">2</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)史料价值:纪事按年</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">每年先立一纲</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">以下取诸家之说</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">全录原文</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">为研究者所重视。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">3.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《建炎以来系年要录》二百卷、《建炎以来朝野杂记》四十卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">南宋李心传撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">1</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)时间:《要录》是高宗朝三十六年的编年史</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">和李焘《续资治通鉴长编》相衔接。《朝野杂记》辑录高宗至孝宗、光宗、宁宗四朝史料</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">分甲乙二集</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">每集分门类编列,与会要性质相同。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">2</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)史料价值:这《要录》《杂记》因为史料多</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">也一向受到重视。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">4.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">补《通鉴》而记三家分晋前事的编年史:《通鉴外纪》十卷《目录》五卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">刘恕所撰</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">从伏羲写起。《通鉴前编》十八卷《举要》三卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">南宋金履祥撰</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">从尧写起。不足信据。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(二)明人续《通鉴》的</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">有</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《宋元资治通鉴》一百五十七卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">明薛应旂撰。无史料价值。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(三)清人续《通鉴》的</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">有</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">乾隆末年《续资治通鉴》三百二十卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">题清毕沅撰</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">实由其门下邵晋涵编写。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">1</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)时间:续宋、元两代。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">2</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)史料价值:北宋部分尚好</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">元代较简略</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">总的看质量不算高</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">可供阅读而不宜引用。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">2.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《明纪》六十卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">清陈鹤撰后八卷其孙克家续成。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">3.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《明通鉴》九十卷、《前编》四卷、《附编》六卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">清夏燮撰。有参考价值</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">胜于《明纪》。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(四)纲目体的编年著作</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">有影响的有</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">:</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">含义:“纲”“目”的办法</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">即仿《春秋》以简要的话记所发生之事</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">作为“纲”</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">;</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">纲下面再详述事情的细节经过</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">叫做“目”。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《通鉴纲目》五十九卷、《凡例》一卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">由朱熹手定《凡例》,其门人等依《凡例》撰“纲”、“目”。“纲”“目”的质量并不高</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">远不足以取代《通鉴》原书。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">2.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《御批通鉴纲目》五十九卷、《通鉴纲目前编》一卷、《外纪》卷、《举要》三卷、《通鉴纲目续编》二十七卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">这是清圣祖在明季陈仁钖刻本《通鉴纲目》上加评论史事之语</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">康熙四十七年由宋荦刊刻成书。御批有用。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">3.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《御批通鉴辑览》一百十六卷附《明唐桂二王本末》三卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">乾隆三十二年奉敕撰。起自黄帝</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">讫于明末</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">用纲目体</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">加上清高宗的所谓“御批”。御批有用。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">4.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《纲鉴易知录》一百零七卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">清吴乘权撰。简略易读,常作为读本,价值不大。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">四.起居注和实录</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">(一)起居注和实录的含义</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">起居注:逐日所记皇帝有关国家大事的言行。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">2.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">实录:根据起居注和编集的以皇帝名义发布的制、诰、德音等种种诏令</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">在新皇帝即位后绐老皇帝撰修“实录”。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">(二)唐传下来的实录有:</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《大唐创业起居注》三卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">唐温大雅撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">1</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)时间:记唐高祖李渊太原起兵到正式称帝三百五十七日的事情。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">2</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)史料价值:从中可看出李渊实是起兵的首谋者组织者</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">二郎李世民和大郎李建成的作用大体相埒</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">别无殊勋。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">2.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《顺宗实录》五卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">唐韩愈撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">3.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">其余已失传的唐代实录</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">则可从《通鉴考异》所引用的窥其一鳞半爪,也可以从明洪武刻本《贞观政要》中查看,因为唐玄宗时吴兢所撰《贞观政要》十卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">也是利用《太宗实录》的记载分类编辑成书的,通行的注本已经注者元人戈直改窜</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">有失《政要》的本来面貌。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">(三)宋代的实录有:</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《太宗皇帝实录》残本二十卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">是南宋馆阁所抄</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">再配上别的旧抄本</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《四部丛刊三编》曾收入影印。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">(四)宋后的实录有:</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《元朝秘史》</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">原名《蒙古秘史》</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">是用蒙古文撰写的蒙古太祖成吉思汗和太宗窝阔台汗的编年史</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">实际上也是一种实录。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">2.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《明实录》一千九百二十五卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">包括太祖至熹宗十三朝</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">所保存的史料远多于《明史》</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">极为研究者重视。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">3.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《清实录》</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">包括太祖至德宗十一朝。多改窜。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">4.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《东华录》</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">据《清实录》摘抄编纂的编年史。少改窜。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">1</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)最早是乾隆三十年蒋良骥摘抄太祖至世宗成书三十二卷。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">2</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)光绪时王先谦续抄高宗至宣宗成书二百三十卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">并增补蒋录扩至一百九十五卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">合称《九朝东华录》</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">3</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)潘颐福辑《咸丰朝东华录》</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">王先谦增补成一百卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">又自辑《同治朝东华录》一百卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">合称《十一朝东华录》。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">4</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">)德宗光绪朝的则有朱寿朋辑成《东华续录》</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">通称《光绪朝东华录》。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;">第四节 纪事本末</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;"><br></span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">一.通鉴纪事本末及其继起者</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(一)《通鉴纪事本末》四十二卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">南宋袁枢撰。二百三十九个标题。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">时间:从“三家分晋”开始到最后“世宗征淮南”。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(二)《皇宋通鉴长编纪事本末》一百五十卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">南宋杨仲良撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">史料价值:可以补足李焘《长编》今传本缺失徽、钦两朝。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(三)《宋史纪事本末》二十六卷,一百零九个标题、《元史纪事本末》四卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">二十</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">七个标题,明陈邦瞻撰。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(四)《明史纪事本末》八十卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">清谷应泰撰。八十个标题。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">史料价值:撰写在《明史》之前。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(五)《续通鉴纪事本末》一百十卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">清李铭汉撰。据毕沅《续资治通鉴》编撰</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">以续袁枢之书</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">每卷立一标题共一百一十个标题。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">二.纪事本末体的其他要籍</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(一)《左传事纬》十二卷《附录》八卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">清马骕撰。一百零八个标题。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">(二)高土奇撰《左传纪事本末》五十三卷。不如马书。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(三)《绎史》一百六十卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">也是马骕撰</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">是广搜上古到秦末的有关记载</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">纂成以纪事本末体为主</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">参以编年、纪传等方式的资料汇编书</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">每条资料都注明出处</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">对研究先秦史很有用处。但资料中真伪杂陈</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">使用者当具备一点文献的辨伪能力。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(四)《圣武记》十四卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">清魏源撰。记述清建国到道光时的多次征战。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(五)《湘军志》十六卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">清王闿运撰记述湘军的战迹及编制等</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">文笔好。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(六)《安禄山事迹》三卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">唐姚汝能撰。记安史之乱的本末。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(七)《奉天录》四卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">唐赵元一撰。记唐德宗时泾师之变的本末。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;">第五节 杂史</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;"><br></span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">一.唐以前杂史</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">(一)杂史范围:包括《四库提要》的史部杂史类和子部小说家类杂事之属。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">(二)主要的杂史:</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《西京杂记》六卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">东晋葛洪撰。记西汉遗闻佚事</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">颇有可信据者。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">2.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《世说新语》三卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">刘宋刘义庆撰</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">萧梁刘孝标注。记汉末至晋清谈盛行时期的遗闻佚事</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">注所引书后多散佚</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">故注与《新语》原书并为研治文史者所重视。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">二.唐五代杂史</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(一)《大唐新语》十三卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">唐刘肃撰。分三十类记唐高祖至代宗朝事。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(二)《因话录》六卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">唐赵璘撰。分君、臣、人、事、物五部</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">记至宣宗朝。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(三)《唐摭言》十五卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">五代王定保撰。记述唐科举掌故及遗闻佚事。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(四)《北梦琐言》二十卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">五代孙光宪撰。记述唐武宗以后下讫五代事。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(五)《南部新书》十卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">北宋钱易撰。记唐及五代事。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(六)《唐语林》辑本八卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">北宋王谠撰。原本十卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">摘抄唐小说杂史五十家的文字</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">分编五十二门</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">已佚失</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">今八卷本是修《四库全书》时据明刻残篇二卷本益以辑自《永乐大典》者重编成书。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">三.宋元杂史</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(一)《涑水纪闻》二卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">北宋司马光撰。记宋太祖至神宗朝事。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(二)《挥廑前录》四卷、《后录》十一卷、《三录》三卷、《余话》二卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">南宋王明清撰。记北宋至南宋初事。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(三)《清波杂志》二十卷、《别志》三卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">南宋周辉撰。记南北宋事。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(四)《桯史》十五卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">南宋岳珂撰。记南北宋事。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(五)《四朝闻见录》五卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">南宋叶绍翁撰。记南宋高宗、孝宗、光宗、宁宗四朝事。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(六)《归潜志》十四卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">元刘祁撰。记金末及哀宗亡国时事。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(七)《辍耕录》三十卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">元陶宗仪撰。记元朝野旧事</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">兼详末年东南战乱。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">四.明清杂史</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(一)</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《万历野获编》三十卷、《补遗》四卷,明沈德符撰。记明开国至万历时朝野旧闻近事,后人分类重编,即此三十卷本。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(二)</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《酌中志》二十四卷,明刘若愚撰。详明万历以来有关宦官的掌故及魏忠贤擅政等事,刘本人即明宦官,所述可信据。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(三)</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《明季北略》二十四卷、《明季南略》十八卷,清初计六奇撰。《北略》杂记明万历四十四年至崇祯十七年明亡史事。《南略》杂记福王元年至清康熙元年明永历帝被杀的南明史事。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(四)</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《养吉斋丛录》二十六卷、《余录》十卷,清吴振棫撰。记述清初至同治以前的典章制度及史事。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;">第六节 载记</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;"><br></span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">一.先秦汉晋的载记</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">(一)载记的含义:古人把记地方政权的史书称为“载记”。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(二)《国语》二十一卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">吴韦昭注。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">非左丘明著,非《左传》前身,非</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">刘歆据以伪撰《左传》</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">剩余的就是今本《国语》。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">2.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">其中“周语”“鲁语”“晋语”“郑语”“楚语”时代较早</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">“齐语”较晚</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">“吴语”“越语”最晚</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">肯定成于《左传》之后。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">3.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">注本:清人董增龄撰《国语正义》</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">民国时徐元诰撰《国语集解》。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(二)《战国策》三十三卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">东汉高诱注</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">今传本为南宋姚宏重校。又有南宋鲍彪注本十卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">元吴师道校注本十卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">均可参考。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">诸国策</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">实际多属纵横家所撰写</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">有人推测是汉初蒯通所编集。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">2.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">其中所说不都是事实</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">不能无条件信从。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(三)《吴越春秋》十卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">东汉赵煜撰</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">元徐天祐音注。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(四)《越绝书》十五卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">东汉袁康撰</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">吴平属定文词。时代明显在《左传》和《国语》的“吴语”“越语”之后</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">多数是汉人的传说</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">但也记述了若干吴、越的古迹</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">保存了若干先秦以至汉人的神秘信仰</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">均颇有价值。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(五)《华阳国志》十二卷、附录一卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">东晋常璩撰。所记起自先秦</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">下讫东晋永和三年</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">史事翔实</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">间及神话传说亦可宝贵。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">二.唐五代的载记</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(一)《蛮书》十卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">唐樊绰撰。书成于懿宗初年</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">详记南诏的历史、地理、物产、风俗。原书已佚</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">修《四库全书》时从《永乐大典》辑出。近人向达有《蛮书校注》</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,1962</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">年中华书局出版。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(二)《南唐书》三十卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">北宋马令撰。用纪传体记述南唐的历史</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">最后的“建国谱”即地理志</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">“世系谱”叙南唐国主李氏之所从出。虽其后陆游之书出</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">此书仍有史料价值。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(三)《南唐书》十八卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">南宋陆游撰</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">《音释》一卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">元戚光撰。也是用纪传体记南唐史</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">向称简核有法</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">胜过马令书。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(四)《吴越备史》四卷、《补遗》一卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">旧说北宋范坰、林禹撰</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">陈振孙《直斋书录解题》认为是北宋时钱俨所撰</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">用编年体记钱氏吴越国的历史。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(五)《十国春秋》一百十四卷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">清吴任臣撰。用纪传体记述五代时吴、南唐、前蜀、后蜀、南汉、楚、吴越、闽、荆南、北汉十国的历史</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">内容充实</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">且兼有考订</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">遗憾的是很多记事不注明出自何书</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">有碍利用。</span></span></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><br></span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><br></span></section><hr style="border-style: solid;border-width: 1px 0 0;border-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.1);-webkit-transform-origin: 0 0;-webkit-transform: scale(1, 0.5);transform-origin: 0 0;transform: scale(1, 0.5);"><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><br></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;"> 下次推送《古文献学讲义》目录·史部的后半部分,即第七节传记、第八节诏令奏议、第九节政书、第十节地理、第十一节目录和第十二节史评。</span></strong><br></span></section><section style="margin-left: 0px;text-align: center;text-indent: 2em;"><br></section><section style="margin: 0px;text-align: right;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 10px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">作者:<span style="font-size: 10px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);text-align: right;">不确定uncertain</span><br></span></section><section style="margin: 0px;text-align: right;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 10px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">编辑:不确定uncertain</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;text-indent: 2em;"><br></section><section style="margin: 0px;text-align: center;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;text-indent: 2em;"><br></section><section style="margin: 0px;text-align: center;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;text-indent: 2em;"><span 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