《古文献学讲义》笔记6:目录学-子部 第10-18节
<div style="max-width:677px;overflow:hidden;"><section style="text-indent: 2em;" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;width: 100%;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;flex-direction: column;padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="width: 11px;height: 16px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;margin-right: -7.1px;margin-bottom: -5.1px;align-self: flex-end;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><br></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;text-indent: 2em;"><br></section><section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;width: 100%;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;flex-direction: column;width: 100%;padding: 0px 6px 0px 11px;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="width: 16px;height: 4px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;align-self: flex-start;z-index: 1;margin-left: 18px;margin-bottom: 1px;background: #ffffff;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"></section><section style="width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="width: 100%;text-align: left;background: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);transform: translate(-4.1px, -4.1px);padding: 16px 3px 16px 14px;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="font-size: 14px;font-family: PingFangSC-Medium, 'PingFang SC';font-weight: bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 20px;text-indent: 0em;"><strong style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">本次大纲(</strong><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">目录学·子部 第10-18节)</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;clear: both;max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;min-height: 1em;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;">第十节 天文算法</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;clear: both;max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;min-height: 1em;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;">第十一节 术数</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;clear: both;max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;min-height: 1em;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;">第十二节 谱录</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;clear: both;max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;min-height: 1em;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;">第十三节 艺术</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;clear: both;max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;min-height: 1em;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;">第十四节 小说</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;clear: both;max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;min-height: 1em;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;">第十五节 佛道</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;clear: both;max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;min-height: 1em;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;">第十六节 杂抄</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;clear: both;max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;min-height: 1em;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;">第十七节 类书</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;clear: both;max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;min-height: 1em;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;">第十八节 丛书</p></section></section><section style="width: 31px;height: 4px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;align-self: flex-end;margin-right: 31px;margin-top: -8.1px;margin-bottom: 4px;background: #ffffff;z-index: 1;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><br></section><section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;width: 100%;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;flex-direction: column;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="width: 33px;height: 9px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;align-self: center;margin-bottom: -4.1px;z-index: 1;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"></section><section style="text-align: center;padding: 5px 13px 4px 17px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(113, 163, 196);" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><p style="font-size: 16px;font-family: PingFangSC-Semibold, PingFang SC;font-weight: bold;color: #5A8EB3;line-height: 22px;letter-spacing: 2px;" data-mid=""><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;">目录学·子部 第10-18节</span></p></section><section style="width: 19px;height: 21px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;margin-right: -6.1px;margin-top: -18.1px;align-self: flex-end;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;text-indent: 2em;"><strong style="text-indent: 2em;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;"></span></strong><br></section><p style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体;">第十节</span> <span style="font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体;">天文算法</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align:center;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-family:宋体;"><br></span></span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;">一.算经十书</span></strong></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(一)参考书:《算经十书》、近人李俨《中国数学史》、钱宝琮的《中国数学史》</span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(二)算经十书发展源流:</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">唐朝有十种算经</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">北宋只有八种:《周髀算经》《九章算术》《海岛算经》《孙子算经》《张丘建算经》《五曹算经》《五经算术》和《缉古算术》</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">北宋八种加上不是唐十种算经中的,但是是唐人撰写的《夏侯阳算经》,是九种算经。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">4.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">南宋九种算经加上《数术记遗》,共十种算经。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">5.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">清修《四库全书》时,刻《算经十书》</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">6.1963</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年中华书局出版《算经十书》钱宝</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">琮</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">点校本。</span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(三)《算经十书》的各个相关著作:</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《周髀算经》二卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">赵君卿注</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">甄鸾述</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">唐李淳风等注。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)作者:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">其书本名《周髀》</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">不著撰人</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">是我国最古的天文学著作</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">主要阐明盖天说和四分历法。其中已有繁复的数字计算</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">并引用了勾股定理。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)注本:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;">,<span style="font-family:宋体;">注者赵君卿</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">钱氏推知是三国时吴人。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《九章算术》九卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">刘徽注</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">李淳风等注。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)作者:撰人不详。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:其书是传世的最古的中国数学书</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">书中收集了二百四十六个应用问题的解法</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">分别隶属于方田、粟米、衰分、少广、商功、均输、盈不足、方程、勾股九章。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)注本:刘徽</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">钱氏考知为魏晋时人。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《海岛算经》一卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">刘徽撰</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">李淳风等注。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:其书本名《重差》附于《九章算术》之后</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">是讲依据两个测望数据推算目的物高远的方法。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">4.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《孙子算经》三卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">撰人不详。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:书中讲用竹筹记数的纵横相间制和乘除法则</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">以及分数算法和开平方法。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)真伪问题:钱氏考证原本撰写于公元</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">400</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年前后</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">但所记度量单位名目同于唐代</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">当有经后人改窜附加之处。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">5.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《张丘建算经》三卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">刘孝孙细草</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">李淳风等注。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:钱氏考证编写年代在公元</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">466</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年到</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">485</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">也就是北魏天安元年为租输三等九品到太和九年废弃此制实行均田之间。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)优点:其书继承《九章算术》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">提出了很多推陈出新的创见。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)注本:作细草的刘孝孙</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">钱氏考证是北齐至隋时人。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">6.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《五曹算经》五卷。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)作者:钱氏推测其撰人是西魏北周时的甄鸾。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:其书是为地方行政职员编写的应用算术书</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">分田曹、兵曹、集曹、仓曹、金曹五卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">共六十七个算术题</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">解法都很浅近。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">7.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《五经算术》二卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">甄鸾撰</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">李淳风等注。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:列举《易》《诗》《书》《周礼》《仪礼》《礼记》以及《论语》《左传》的古注中有关数字计算之处</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">加以详尽的解释</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">但也间有穿凿附会之处。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">8.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《缉古算经》一卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">王孝通撰并注。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)作者:钱氏考知王孝通是唐初人。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:其书解答了二十个问题</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">大部分运用了当时看来比较艰深的高次方程</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">9.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《数术记遗》一卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">卷首题“汉徐岳撰</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">北周汉中郡守前司隶臣甄鸾注”。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)作者:钱氏考订应即甄鸾伪撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:书中列举十四种不同的记数法</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">但有些出于杜撰很难应用</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">内容实浅陋不足取。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">10.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《夏侯阳算经》三卷。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:此书提出了很多乘除速算的例题</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">并推广了十进小数的应用。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)真伪问题:今传南宋鲍刻本《夏侯阳算经》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">所举例题中有唐代的职官和税制</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">断定是唐人所作并非《夏侯阳算经》的真本原书</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">钱氏的判断是对的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">但他认为作于唐代宗时</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">我又考证应是玄宗天宝元年至八年间编写</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">代宗又增入两税米之类的题目</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;"><br></span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;text-align:center;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体;">第十一节</span> <span style="font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体;">术数</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;text-align:center;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-family:宋体;"><br></span></span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;">一.汉代的筮占书</span></strong></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(一)</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《易林》十六卷。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">作者:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">旧以为是西汉昭帝时焦赣字延寿者所撰写</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">胡适考证是曾做过王莽新朝建信大尹的崔篆所作</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">内容:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">这是在《周易》的基础上编写的</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">《周易》六十四卦</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《易林》也是六十四卦</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">但每卦之下又分列六十四课</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">每课配上四句四言韵语的繇辞</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">仍和《周易》一样是一种筮占用书。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">优点:今天看来都是迷信的东西</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">只能提供给民俗学的专家来研究。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;"><br></span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 14px;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong><span style="background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体;">第十二节 谱录</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-indent: 14px;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong><span style="background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体;"><br></span></strong></span></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;">一.器物</span></strong></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(一)</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《文房四谱》五卷</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">北宋苏易简撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">内容:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">包括笔谱、砚谱、墨谱纸谱</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">并附笔格、水滴</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">都详述其原委本末及故实</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">以及有关的词赋诗文。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">优点:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">如今把纸、墨、笔、砚称为</span>“<span style="font-family:宋体;">文房四宝</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">”,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">就是由此而来的。</span></span></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;">二.食谱</span></strong></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(一)《饮膳正要》三卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">元忽思慧撰</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">作者:其人于元仁宗延祐年间选充饮膳之职</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">文宗天历三年撰成此书。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">内容:。书中开列聚珍异馔十四种</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">诸般汤煎十六种</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">诸水三种</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">神仙服饵二十四种</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">食疗诸病六十种</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">米谷品三十一种</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">酒十三种</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">兽品三十一种</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">禽品十九种</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">鱼品二十二种</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">果品三十九种</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">菜品四十六种</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">料物二十八种。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">优点:不仅包罗了汉、蒙、西域诸族的饮食</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">还有许多今天所谓药膳的成分</span></span></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;">三.草木</span></strong></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(一)《广群芳谱》一百卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">清刘灏等奉敕撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">内容:原先明季王象晋撰有《群芳谱》二十八卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">崇祯二年刊行。这是在王谱基础上扩大重编</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">于康熙四十七年刊成进呈。全书包括天时、谷、桑麻、蔬、茶、花、果、木、竹、卉、药十一部分</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">每一物有“汇考”“集藻”“别录”等内容</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">甚便查看。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;"><br></span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 14px;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong><span style="background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体;">第十三节 艺术</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-indent: 14px;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong><span style="background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体;"><br></span></strong></span></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;">一.法书</span></strong></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(一)如何讲法书:</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《四库提要》子部艺术类分类法:书画之属、琴谱之属、篆刻之属、杂技之属。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">黄永年分类法:只讲书和画</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">其他因没有重要的著作从略。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(二)相关著作:</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《法书要录》十卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">唐张彦远撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)作者:彦远是玄宗时宰相张嘉贞的玄孙</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">仕宦历宣宗、懿宗、僖宗三朝</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">自言于书画的“收藏鉴识</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">有一日之长”。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:这《法书要录》自东晋王羲之、刘宋羊欣以下直至唐代虞世南、褚遂良、徐浩、张怀瓘等人论书法记名迹的文字</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">保存了大量可以信据的文献。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)优点:要知道</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">明清以来流传的法书有多数是伪造的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">要加以鉴别</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">要清理出书法史的真面目</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">除参考碑刻外就得依靠这《要录》里宝贵的文字资料</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《宣和书谱》二十卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">不著撰人姓氏</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)作者:余嘉锡《四库提要辨证》推测为北宋徽宗宣和时臣下奉诏为之。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">首列历代帝王书</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">再以篆、隶、正、行、草、八分分门类</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">每个门类按朝代列出书家并略述事迹</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">记御府所藏其人法书名目。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">4</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)优点:可用来窥测书法发展情况</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">用来检验少数唐宋名迹的真伪。</span></span></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;">二.名画</span></strong></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(一)《历代名画记》十卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">也是唐张彦远撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">内容:内容</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">:</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">卷一叙画之源流</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">叙画之兴废</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">叙自古画人姓名</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">论画六法</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">论画山水树石</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">;</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">卷二论传授南北时代</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">论顾陆张吴用笔</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">论画体工用拓写</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">论名价品第</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">论鉴识收藏阅玩</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">;</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">卷三叙自古跋尾押署</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">叙自古公私印记</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">论装背裸轴</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">记两京外州寺观画壁</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">述古之秘画珍图</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">;</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">卷四至十叙历代能画人名。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">优点:明末董其昌作伪画史,童丕绳起而纠正写出科学的真画史</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">其所依据就多取自这《历代名画记》和北宋人的《图画见闻志》。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(二)《图画见闻志》六卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">北宋郭若虚撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">作者:见余嘉锡《四库提要辨证》</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">内容:其书则续《历代名画记》而作</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《名画记》终于唐武宗会昌元年</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">此书就自会昌元年记至北宋熙宁七年。卷叙诸家文字</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">叙国朝求访</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">叙自古规鉴</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">叙图画名意</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">叙制作楷模</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">论衣冠异制</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">论气韵非师</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">论用笔得失</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">论曹吴体法</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">论吴生设色</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">论妇人形相</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">论收藏圣像</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">论三家山水</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">论徐黄异体</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">论画龙体法</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">论古今优劣</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">其重要不亚于《名画记》的前三卷。卷二至四纪艺是续《名画记》述唐末至北宋的画人。卷五故事拾遗和卷六近事则记有关画的逸闻掌故</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(三)《宣和画谱》二十卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">也是北宋宣和时臣下所撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">内容:以道释、人物、宫室、番族、龙鱼、山水、畜兽、花鸟、墨竹、蔬果分门类每类按朝代列出画家及其画轴名目。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">优点:同样可用来窥见中国画发展至北宋时的情况</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">用来检验少数唐宋名迹的真伪。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(四)《画继》十卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">南宋邓椿撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">内容:续《图画见闻志》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">自北宋熙宁七年记起</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">止于南宋乾道三年。卷一至五以人分为圣贤、王侯贵戚、轩冕才贤、缙绅韦布等六个门类。卷六至七以画分为仙佛鬼神、人物传写、山水林石、花竹翎毛等八个门类。卷八记铭心绝品</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">卷九、十杂说。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">缺点:是其重要性稍次于《历代名画记》《图画见闻志》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">因自熙宁至乾道之间画的发展演变远本不如前此之剧烈。</span></span></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;">三.书画合谱</span></strong></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(一)</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《佩文斋书画谱》一百卷</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">清康熙时奉敕撰</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">有四十七年御制序。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">内容:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">是广集古今书画文献资料</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">按论书、论画、历代帝王书、书家传、画家传、历代无名氏书、历代无名氏画、御制书画跋、历代帝王书跋、历代帝王画跋、历代名人书跋、历代名人画跋、书辨证、画辨证、历代鉴藏书、历代鉴藏画分编</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">均录原文</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">尚便查阅。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">优点:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">其历代无名氏书中包括金和石即青铜器、碑刻两部分</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">亦可供治此两门学问者参考。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 14px;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong><span style="background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体;">第十四节 小说</span></strong></span></p><p><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">一.志怪和传奇</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(一)中国小说的演变过程为:先志怪</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">再传奇</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">再话本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">最后是章回小说。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(二)唐五代及以前的志怪和传奇,有:</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">单行志怪书:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《酉阳杂俎》二十卷、《续》十卷</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">唐段成式撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">类的名称有些也很诡异</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)优点:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">今天研究我国民俗、神话和饮食、绘画等等</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">都可从这书里获得有用的资料。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">志怪和传奇:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《太平广记》五百卷</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">北宋李昉等奉敕撰</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">北宋初官修的四大书</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">:《太平广记》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《太平御览》《文苑英华》《册府元龟》</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">把唐五代及以前的志怪小说、记人物佚事的小说</span>(<span style="font-family:宋体;">这我已移入杂史类讲了</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">和唐代出现的传奇小说</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">统统分类汇编。据今人统计有四百七十五种之多</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">所记的事情则以唐代的居多</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">超过了半数。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)优点:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">总之</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">这《太平广记》是一个大宝库</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">无论研究小说的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">研究民俗的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">研究神话的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">研究社会各种形态的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">几乎都得从这里取材。有些唐及唐以前的小说原书久已佚失</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">也可用这《太平广记》来辑佚。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">4</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)注本:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;">1982<span style="font-family:宋体;">年中华书局出了一册《太平广记索引》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">内分引书索引和篇目索引两部分</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">这引书索引就等于做了辑佚工作</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">要知道什么书在《广记》里保存了哪一些</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">查即得。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(三)宋朝的志怪小说,有:</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《夷坚志》四百二十卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">南宋洪迈撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:张元济辑出“志补”二十五卷和“再补”一卷、</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1981</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年中华书局出版“三补”</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)优点:这自是研究小说、民俗以至宋代文史者的必读书。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(四)明传奇小说,有:</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《剪灯新话》四卷二十篇</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">明瞿佑撰。成于洪武时。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《剪灯余话》四卷二十一篇</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">明李昌祺撰。成于永乐时。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《觅灯因话》二卷八篇</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">明邵景詹撰。成于万历时</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">.</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)注本:</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1957</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年古典文学出版社出有署名周夷的三《话》校注本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">颇见水平。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(五)明代以来的志怪小说:</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《聊斋志异》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">清蒲松龄撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)作者:蒲氏生平事迹</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">胡适所撰《辨伪举例》及《〈醒世姻缘传〉考证》均有考证。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:是既志怪又有点模仿传奇的小说集。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《阅微草堂笔记》二十四卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">清纪昀撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:纪氏不同意《聊斋志异》之志怪而兼传奇的写法</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">主张回复到单纯志怪的传统。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)优点:其人学问既广博</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">文笔又精练</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">思想也还通达</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">所以刊行后颇为风行</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">至今仍不失其有可读性。</span></span></p><p><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">二.话本</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(一)话本流传过程:</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">兴起于宋代,南宋末年临安说话人所说有“小说”“说经”“说参请”“讲史书”四家。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">估计到元代:他们讲说所用的脚本后来由书坊刻印出来</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">就叫做“话本”。今传世的话本几乎都是元代坊刻。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(二)关于话本的相关著作(多数是孤本):</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">讲史书、讲史:</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)《全相平话五种》。民国十八年商务印书馆影印《全相平话三国志》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,1956</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年文学古籍刊行社影印《全相平话五种》。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">①</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">内容:</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《新刊全相平话武王伐纣书》三卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《新刊全相平话乐毅图齐七国春秋后集》三卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《新刊全相秦并六国平话》三卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《新刊全相平话前汉书续集》三卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《至治新刊全相平话三国志》三卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">都是元建阳书坊刻本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">上图下文</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">藏日本内阁文库</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">②刻本</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">:</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1990</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年上海古籍出版社《古本小说集成》影印。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)《薛仁贵征辽事略》一卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">①刻</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">本:英国牛津大学图书馆藏《永乐大典》卷五千二百四十四辽字韵</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,1957</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年古典文学出版社出版赵万里编注本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,1960</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年中华书局影印现存的《永乐大典》此书亦在其中。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(1)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">《五代史平话》</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">①</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">内容:《新编五代梁史平话》二卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《新编五代唐史平话》二卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《新编五代晋史平话》二卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《新编五代汉史平话》二卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《新编五代周史平话》二卷</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">②刻</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">本:元建阳书坊刻本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">缺《唐史》《汉史》的下卷。原本今在台北中央图书馆</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">宣统三年董康影刻,</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1990</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年上海古籍出版社《古本小说集成》影印。又有多种标点本。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">4</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)《新刊宣和遗事》前后集。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">①</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">作者:入元后所编</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">②刻</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">本:元建阳书坊刻本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">今藏台北中央图书馆</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">清黄丕烈曾据以重刻</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">收入《士礼居丛书》,</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1990</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年上海古籍出版社《古本小说集成》影印。其后又有内容文字相同而另行编刻的两种本子</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">即《新刊大宋宣和遗事》元亨利贞四集</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">题“金陵王氏洛川校正重刊”</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">看字体当在明嘉靖、隆庆时</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">今也藏台北中央图书馆</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">有多种标点本。《新编宣和遗事》四卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">内封面题“吴郡修绠山房梓”</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">审是清乾嘉时据早于王氏洛川本之旧本重刻。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">1. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">“说经”话本:</span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)《大唐三藏取经诗话》上中下三卷十七则</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">上卷缺第一则</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">中卷缺第八则</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《大唐三藏取经记》三卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">内容文字全同《取经诗话》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">卷一前半佚失</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">卷二全佚。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">①刻</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">本:《大唐三藏取经诗话》旧藏日本高山寺</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">后递归日人三浦梧楼、大仓喜郎</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">元杭州坊刻本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">民国五年罗振玉影印</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,1955</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年文学古籍刊行社用罗本影印,《古本小说丛刊》也收入影印。有多种标点本。又《大唐三藏取经记》三卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">内容文字全同《取经诗话》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">卷一前半佚失</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">卷二全佚</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">也旧藏日本高山寺</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">后归日人德富苏峰成篑堂</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">有罗振玉的影印本收入《吉石庵丛书》。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">2. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">“说参请”话本</span></p><p><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;">(1)</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《东坡居士佛印禅师语录问答》一卷二十七则</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">日本旧抄本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">内阁文库藏书。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">①版</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">本:</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">明万历时刻《宝颜堂秘笈》中的《东坡问答录》内容与之相同。《历史语言研究所集刊》第十七本所载张政烺《问答录与说参请》文对此有考证</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">并断定其为说参请话本。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《济颠语录》。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">①版</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">本:</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">其书旧本有日本内阁文库藏明隆庆刻《钱塘湖隐济颠禅师语录》</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">路工藏清初坊刻缺首页、书名佚失的本子</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">以及我收藏的清康熙后期刻题</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">云林寺常住</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的《济颠语录》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">均作一卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">文字也相同。隆庆本已收入《古本小说集成》影印</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">路工藏本曾编入他的《明清平话小说选》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,1958</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年古典文学出版社本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">后又收</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">入</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">他和谭天合编的《古本平话小说集》</span>,1989<span style="font-family:宋体;">年人民文学出版社本。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">4.</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;">“<span style="font-family:宋体;">小说</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">话本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">真刻于元代的只有</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">:</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《新编红白蜘蛛小说》</span>,1979<span style="font-family:宋体;">年我在西安市文物管理委员会所发现</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">仅存末页第七页</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">据字体行款审定为元建阳坊刻本。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">①</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">内容:</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">情节较其后《醒世恒言》里的《郑节使立功神臂弓》简略</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">文字亦甚拙率。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">⑤版</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">本:</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">我撰有《记元刻新编红白蜘蛛小说残页》</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">在</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1982</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年《中华文史论丛》总二十一辑上刊布。但有删节</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">后将全文编入自选集《文史探微》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">中华书局</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2000</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年版。又此残页亦已收入《古本小说集成》影印</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">。</span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(三)明代出现的</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">“小说”话本集</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《六十家小说》</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)作者:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">这清平山堂是嘉靖时人洪楩的堂名</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">他还刻过《唐诗纪事》和前面说到过的《分类夷坚志》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">这《六十家小说》是他取一些前人所刻旧版</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">加上自己刊刻多种编成的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">雨窗</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">等名目也肯定是他起的。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)真伪问题:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">从现存的这二十七篇来看</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">我认为有</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">话本说彻</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">权做收场</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">和称</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">新编小说</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">等八篇应是宋元时传下来的小说</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">话本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">看其文字也比较拙朴。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)注本:两次发现:</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1929</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年日本盐谷温发现《清平山堂话本》。民国二十二年马廉定为《雨窗欹枕集》。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1955</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年文学古籍刊行社合此两种影印</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《古本小说集成》也影印</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">上海古籍出版社于</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1987</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年又出版谭正璧校点本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">都用了《清平山堂话本》这个书名。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《京本通俗小说》</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)真伪问题:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">过去都认为其是元人的</span>“<span style="font-family:宋体;">小说</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">话本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">后来经郑振铎、孙楷第等人考辨</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">已可断定是从《警世通言》《醒世恒言》里挑出这七篇来伪造的。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)版本:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;">,<span style="font-family:宋体;">民国四年缪荃孙收入所刻丛书《烟画东堂小品》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">说是用清初钱曾述古堂旧藏影写元人刊本影刻的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">只残存第十至十六卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">每卷一篇。有多种标点本。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">“三言”。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)含义:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">即《喻世明言》《警世通言》《醒世恒言》</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">是今人给这三部</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">小说</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">话本集的简称。编写者是明末的冯梦龙</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">其人字犹龙</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">一字子犹</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">苏州府长洲县人</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">崇祯时官寿宁县知县</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">明亡殉难。这</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">三言</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">都是他用宋元旧话本加工改写</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">并加上自己撰写的编成的</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(见谭正璧文)</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">①</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《喻世明言》</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">今存明天许斋刻本作《古今小说》四十卷四十篇</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">日本内阁文库及前田氏尊经阁各藏一部。有民国三十六年商务印书馆铅印线装本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,1955</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年文学古籍刊行社重印</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,1958</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年人民文学出版社出版许政扬校注本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">个别不雅驯处均略有删节。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">②</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《警世通言》四十卷四十篇</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">明金陵兼善堂刻本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">有天启甲子即四年序</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">日本蓬左文库及东京大学仓石武四郎各藏一部。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1956</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年作家出版社出版严敦易校注本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">略有删节</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">③</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《醒世恒言》四十卷四十篇</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">明叶敬池刻本有天启丁卯即七年序</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">藏日本内阁文库</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">又有明叶敬溪刻本藏大连图书馆</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">又有衍庆堂刻本流传稍多。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1956</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年作家出版社出版顾学颉校注本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">略有删节。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1958</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年台湾世界书局影印《古今小说》内阁文库藏本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《警世通言》蓬左文库藏本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《醒世恒言》内阁文库藏本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,1987</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年上海古籍出版社再影印《古本小说集成》又收入影印。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">3. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">“二拍”。</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)含义:是指明凌濛初撰写的《拍案惊奇》和《二刻拍案惊奇》这两部“小说”话本集</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">不同于“三言”的是均由凌氏自撰</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">虽也常有所本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">但均非本之于宋元旧话本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">谭正璧文已多找出其所本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">),</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">所以鲁迅《中国小说史略》称之为“拟话本”。凌氏也是明末人</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年辈后于冯梦龙</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">字玄房</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">号初成</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">别号即空观主人</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">湖州府乌程县人</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">曾任徐州通判</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">抗拒李自成军呕血死。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">①</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《拍案惊奇》四十卷四十篇</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">尚友堂刻本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">有题崇祯戊辰即元年的凡例</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">藏日本日光轮寺的慈眼堂法库</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">另日本广岛大学藏三十九卷本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">除第二十三卷外仍用尚友堂原版印刷。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1957</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年古典文学出版社出版王古鲁收录编注本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">略有删节。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1982</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年上海古籍出版社出版章培恒整理的王古鲁注释本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,1991</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年人民文学出版社出版陈迩冬等校注本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">均略有删节。又</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1985</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年上海古籍出版社用三十九卷本配上卷四十影印</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《古本小说集成》又收入影印。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">②</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《二刻拍案惊奇》四十卷四十篇</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">尚友堂刻本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">有崇祯壬申即五年的序</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">日本内阁文库所藏是卷二十三及卷四十原已亡失</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">而用《拍案惊奇》卷二十三补入并以《宋公明闹元宵杂剧》作为卷四十的印本。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1957</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年古典文学出版社出版王古鲁收录编注本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">略有删节。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1983</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年上海古籍出版社出版章培恒整理的王古鲁注释本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">亦略有删节。又</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1985</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年该社影印内阁文库藏本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《古本小说集成》也收入影印。</span></span></p><p><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">三.章回小说</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(一)</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《三国演义》</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">作者:章培恒撰《关于罗贯中的生卒年》《关于嘉靖本〈三国志通俗演义〉小注的作者》《再谈〈三国志通俗演义〉的写作年代问题》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">考证此书似当写于元文宗天历二年之前</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">并论证书中自注必出作者罗贯中之手。文均收入</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1993</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年岳麓书社版所著《献疑集》。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">优点</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">:</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">今存旧本为《三国志通俗演义》二十四卷二百四十则</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">题</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">晋平阳侯陈寿史传</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">后学罗本贯中编次</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">。保存了此书较早的面目</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">不像清初以来通行的毛宗岗评本《三国志演义》已多处改动。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">传本:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">有明嘉靖时刻大字本</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">我推测即是司礼监刻的所谓经厂本。民国十八年商务印书馆曾影印</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,1974</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年、</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1975</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年人民文学出版社又影印</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,1980</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年上海古籍出版社又影印。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(二)</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《水浒传》</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">成书后最早的版本没有传下来。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">作者:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">至于原本的作者</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">《百川书志》上的《忠义水浒传》作</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">钱塘施耐庵的本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">罗贯中编次</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">”,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">知应是罗贯中</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">是据原先施耐庵真传下来的加以撰写成为此《水浒传》。但自金圣叹评改七十回本流行之后</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">人们也就跟着金氏说作者是施耐庵。从而民国十七年《新闻报》上发表了胡瑞亭伪造的《施耐庵墓志》和《耐庵小史》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">说施是江苏兴化人云云</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">有识自可一笑置之。但</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1952</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年苏北文联却真派人到兴化去调查</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《文艺报》当年第二十一号上还发表了《施耐庵生平调查报告》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">到</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1982</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年在兴化又进行关于施耐庵的学术讨论。于是章培恒写了《〈施耐庵墓志〉辨伪及其他》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">后收入《献疑集》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">彻底否定了这伪撰《墓志》和《小史》。但他又写了篇《施彦端是否施耐庵》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">也收人《献疑集》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">却承认兴化施家的先人施彦端即施耐庵</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">为此我写了《重论施彦端是否施耐庵》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">在《中国典籍与文化论丛》第三辑上发表</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">以否定章说。又执教夏威夷大学的马幼垣有研究《水浒传》的论文集《水浒论衡》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,192</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年台湾联经出版事业公司出版</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">也不信施彦端即施耐庵之说</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">并对《水浒传》的多种简本作了仔细的研究</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">很值得一读。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">传本:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">今旧本已印行的</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">有</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1975</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年上海人民出版社影印《明容与堂刻水浒传》未加进征王庆、田虎的百回繁本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">有</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1956</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年文学古籍刊行社影印明双峰堂刻余象斗评《水浒志传评林》二十五卷简本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">有</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1954</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年人民文学出版社出版郑振铎以百回繁本加进杨定见本的王庆、田虎部分重编的《水浒全传》一百二十回本。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(三)</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《西游记》</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">作者:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">在这以前</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">章培恒撰写《百回本〈西游记〉是否吴承恩所作》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">认为胡适鲁迅等据清人吴玉搢所说《西游记》是明吴承恩所作</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">其实并不可信</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">因为清初黄虞稷《千顷堂书目》是把</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">吴承恩《西游记》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">著录进史部地理类的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">章文后亦收入《献疑集》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">。</span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">我同意章说</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;">,<span style="font-family:宋体;">因为吴承恩其人一般估计公元</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1500</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年即明弘治十三年才出生</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">到嘉靖初元公元</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1522</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年才二十二三岁</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">不可能写出如此世事洞明、人情练达的小说。而且百回本有</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">承恩八戒转山林</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的回目</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">如是吴承恩撰写</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">也不可能把自己的大名放到并不光辉的猪八戒前面。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">传本:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">传世的明刻本中</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">百回繁本有万历时金陵唐氏世德堂刻本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">万历时建阳杨闽斋刻本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">以及审定是隆庆时刻的所谓《唐僧西游记》本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">明末刻李卓吾的评点本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">;</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">简本有与《东游记》《南游记》《北游记》配合的通称杨本的万历刻《三藏出身全传》四卷本和通称朱本的万历朱鼎臣刻《唐三藏西游传》十卷本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">还有用明百回繁本改订的清初黄周星的《西游证道书》。通行的是</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1954</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年作家出版社用世德堂本标点的本子</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">自</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1959</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年归人民文学出版社多次印行</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">但和世德堂本仍间有出入。以上的明繁简诸本和《西游证道书》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">台湾天一出版社的《明清善本小说丛刊》均已收入影印</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《古本小说集成》则除其中的《唐僧西游记》本外也都收入影印。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1984</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年人民文学出版社出版陈新标点的杨本和朱本合册。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1993</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年中华书局出版我和儿子黄寿成点校的《西游证道书》。在此以前</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">我已写了《重论〈西游记</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的简本》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">断定杨本出自百回本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">朱本更袭杨本并参考过百回本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">收入</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1987</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年复旦大学《中国古典文学丛考》第二辑。为点校《西游证道书》所写序言中</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">更进而考知百回本的原本初刻即是周弘祖《古今书刻》中所著录的鲁王府刻本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">刻于嘉靖初年</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">其后有据鲁府本刊刻的陈元之序本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">万历时世德堂本又据陈序本重刻</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">天启崇祯时的李卓吾评本又据世德堂本重刻</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">至于隆庆时的《唐僧西游记》本和万历时的杨闽斋本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">则又都是根据嘉靖后期用陈元之序本稍事删节重刻之本再各自重刻</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">重刻时又各自再有所删节。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(四)</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《封神演义》</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">作者:关于作者</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">章培恒在</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1991</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年撰写《〈封神演义〉的性质时代和作者》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">收入《献疑集》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">提出《封神演义》原是流传于“说词者之口”</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">属于民间文学性质的作品</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">后由许仲琳、李云翔在明天启时写定</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">而李云翔是主要的写定者。章氏继又在</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1992</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年撰写《〈封神演义〉作者补考》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">否定了当年张政烺、孙楷第提出而柳存仁撰《陆西星吴承恩事迹补考》尤力主的陆长庚撰写之说</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">章文仍收入《献疑集》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">柳文则收入其后上海古籍出版社版所著《和风堂文集》。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">成书时间:《和风堂文集》里还收了</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1958</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年柳氏所写的《毗沙门天王父子与中国小说之关系》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">其中论证“《西游记》之成书时代可能尚迟于《封神演义》”。对此我也写了《今本〈西游记〉袭用〈封神演义〉说辨正》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">刊于《陕西师大学报》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1984</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年第</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">期</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">断定是《封神》在袭用《西游》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">否定了柳说。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">传本:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">旧本二十卷一百回</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">其后讫无变化。有</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1955</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年作家出版社标点本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,1973</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年人民文学出版社重印。又有《古本小说集成》影印明金阊舒载阳刻本。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(五)</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《红楼梦》</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">本名《石头记》。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">作者:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">胡适《红楼梦考证》</span>(<span style="font-family:宋体;">收入《胡适文存》、《跋〈红楼梦〉考证》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">收入《胡适文存二集》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">、《重印乾隆壬子本〈红楼梦〉序》《考证〈红楼梦〉的新材料》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">收入《胡适文存三集》、《跋乾隆庚辰本〈脂砚斋重评石头记〉钞本》收人《胡适论学近著》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">等文章</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">早已考证清楚《石头记》即《红楼梦》的作者是曹雪芹。他大名霑</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">雪芹是别号。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">内容:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">书只写了八十回</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">其中第二十二回未写完</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">六十四、六十七回未写成</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">十七与十八两回未分开</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">十九回尚未分开</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">传本:</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">开始传抄的本子上就有脂砚斋的评</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">,</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">以《脂砚斋重评石头记》的面目出现。乾隆五十六年和五十七年程伟元两次用木活字排印的一百二十回本《红楼梦》</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">后面的四十回则是高鹗续写的。这些都已成为定论无可怀疑</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">最多有人认为高鹗续书可能有点曹雪芹的残稿作为依据</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">。尽管</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1953</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年由批判俞平伯的《红楼梦研究》进而批判胡适</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">这些定论最终仍是动摇不了的。所以如今研究《红楼梦》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">还得用传世的几种《脂砚斋重评石头记》的传抄本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">好在都已影印公世。有</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1962</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年中华书局上海编辑所影印甲戌本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,1973</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年上海人民出版社又重印。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1955</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年文学古籍刊行社影印庚辰本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,1974</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年人民文学出版社、</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1980</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年上海古籍出版社又两次重印。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1975</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年人民文学出版社影印有戚蓼生序的乾隆时抄本。以上四种又都收入《古本小说集成》影印。此外</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,1958</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年人民出版社出版俞平伯校订的《红楼梦》八十回校本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">据说也是很合用的善本。近若干年忽然有人倒过来说脂砚斋评本是伪造的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">是根据一百二十</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">回本伪造的</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">一百二十回本才是《红楼梦》的本来面目。所说全属牵强附会</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">举不出一点真实证据</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">为有识者所不取。再是从</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">文革</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">后期开始</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">曾陆续出现所谓曹雪芹的其他手稿、题诗</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">以及墓碑之类</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">实无一可信</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">对研究《红楼梦》、研究曹雪芹不仅无益反而有害。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:0;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(六)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《儒林外史》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">清乾隆时吴敬梓撰写。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《儒林外史》是经胡适、鲁迅等表扬才被肯定为章回小说中的名著的。胡适还写了《吴敬梓年谱》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">收入《胡适文存二集》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">),</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">并为吴氏的文集写了《重印〈文木山房集〉序》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">收入《胡适文存三集》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">传本:《儒林外史》最早的刻本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">是嘉庆八年卧闲草堂刻的五十六回本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,1975</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年人民文学出版社已影印。《古本小说集成》也收人影印。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">真伪问题:但这五十六回本并非《儒林外史》的原本</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">原本只有五十卷即五十回。孙楷第《中国通俗小说书目》已这么主张。章培恒并进而探索</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">得出不仅第五十六回“幽榜”是后人伪加</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">五十六回本中的第三十六回的一半</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">第三十八至第四十回的前面一大半</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">第四十一回结尾至第四十四回的前面一大半都是后人窜人。其论证详见</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1982</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年所撰《〈儒林外史〉原书应为五十卷》《〈儒林外史〉原貌初探》和</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">192</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年所撰《再谈〈儒林外史〉原本卷数》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">均收人《献疑集》。这些文章充分运用了内证</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">实属可信。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;"><br></span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;text-align:center;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体;">第十五节</span> <span style="font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体;">佛道</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;text-align:center;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-family:宋体;"><br></span></span></strong></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><strong>一.中国佛教典籍</strong></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(一)参考书:陈垣《中国佛教史籍概论》、吕诚之师《昌著中国通史》学术章的佛学部分、</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1991</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年中华书局版《周叔迦佛学论著集》里的《法苑谈丛》。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(二)相关著作:</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《高僧传》十四卷</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">萧梁释慧皎撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:为类传体</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">分译经、义解等十门</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">记自后汉至梁初高僧二百五十七人</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">附见者又二百余人</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《续高僧传》三十卷</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">唐释道宣撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:体制略同《高僧传》</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">记自梁初至唐高宗麟德二年高僧四百八十五人</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">附见二百十九人。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3.</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《宋高僧传》三十卷</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">北宋释赞宁奉敕撰</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">太宗端拱元年书成进呈。本名《大宋高僧传》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">是宋朝所修高僧传的意思</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">并非专给宋时高僧立传。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:体制同《续高僧传》</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">记唐初至北宋太宗雍熙年间高僧五百三十二人</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">附传一百二十五人。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">优点:其中习禅篇有临济、沩仰、曹洞、法眼、云门五宗大师们的专传</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">为禅宗的重要资料。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)传本:《宋高僧传》有</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1987</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年中华书局出版的范祥雍点校本</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">4.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《弘明集》十四卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">萧梁释僧祐撰</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)作者:作者百人</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">又僧十九人。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:收集自汉至梁弘扬佛教的文章</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">以书启论述居多</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)优点:如民国时引起学术界争论的《牟子理惑》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">以及范缜《神灭论》和时人对《神灭论》的辩难</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">就都收在这里。因此此书确是研究中国早期佛教的重要文献。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">5.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《广弘明集》三十卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">唐释道宣撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)作者:道宣即撰《续高僧传》之人。所集文章作者教内外共一百三十余人</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">内南北朝一百余人</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">唐近三十人。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:其书体制则与《弘明集》相异</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《弘明集》不分篇</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">此书则分归正、辨惑等十篇</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">每篇恒有道宣叙述及辩论列代王臣对佛法兴废等事</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)优点:也是研究中国佛教的重要文献。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">6.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《法苑珠林》一百卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">唐释道世撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:为类书体制</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">将佛家故实分类编排</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">凡百篇</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">篇又分部</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">部又分小部</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">总得六百四十余目</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">引经、律、论分隶其下。篇前有述意部</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">述意犹言叙意</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">篇末或部末有感应录</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">广引故事为证</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">且必注出处</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">近代耳闻之事则注某人所说。所引古籍除佛经外有一百四十余种。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)优点:因此不仅是佛教要籍</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">又和类书一样可作辑佚之用。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">7.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《五灯会元》二十卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">南宋释普济撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:是按禅宗世次记述的语录。在此以前已有五种这样的“灯录”</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">即</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">①</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">北宋法眼宗道原撰《景德传灯录》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">记至真宗景徳时。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">②</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">北宋临济宗李遵勗撰《天圣广灯录》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">记至仁宗天圣时</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">兼对《景德录》略有补充。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">③</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">叱宋云门宗惟白撰《建中靖国续灯录》、续《景德录》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">记至徽宗建中靖国时。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">④</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">南宋孝宗淳熙十年临济宗悟明撰《联灯会要》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">合北宋三《灯录》为一书</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">而续其未备。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">⑤</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">南宋云门宗正受撰《嘉泰普灯录》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">记至宁宗嘉泰时</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">以未见《联灯会要》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">故补《天圣》《建中》二录未载师尼及王臣之缺</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">遂以普照之“普”字名其书以上五书各三十卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">中多重复</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">普济删繁就简</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">合成一书</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">故日《五灯会元》。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)优点:为研究禅宗的重要文献。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)传本:有</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1984</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年中华书局出版苏渊雷点校本。</span></span></p><p><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">二.道教典籍</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(一)参考书:</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">吕诚之师《吕著中国通史》的宗教章</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">、</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">吕诚之师《秦汉史》《两晋南北朝史》《隋唐五代史》中对道教的讲述</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">、</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">陈寅恪的《天师道与滨海地域之关系》《崔浩与寇谦之》</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">、</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">陈垣的《南宋初河北新道教考》</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">讲全真、大道、太一这三个新道教的专著</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">)</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(二)相关著作:</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《抱朴子内篇》二十卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">东晋葛洪撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)作者:葛洪是道教理论家、炼丹专家</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《晋书》有传。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:二十篇</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">从这里可看到当时道教徒的言行</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">如何人山</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">如何配制药物烧炼金丹</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">如何画符防虎狼等等</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">最后的“祛惑”还列举了古强、蔡诞、项曼都、白和等自言已成了仙的骗子。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)优点:文笔生动</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">是研究其时道教及我国古代炼丹术的最佳读物。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">4</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)注本:</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1980</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年中华书局出有王明的《抱朴子内篇校释》。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《云笈七签》一百二十二卷</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">北宋张君房等撰</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">仁宗时成书进呈。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:28px;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;"><span style="font-family:楷体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:楷体;">《四库提要》说</span><span style="font-family:楷体;">:“自一卷至二十八卷总论经教宗旨及仙真位籍之事;二十九卷至八十六卷则以道家服食炼气、内丹外丹、方药符图、守庚申、尸解诸术、分类缕载;八十七卷至一百二十二卷则前人文字及诗歌传记之属,凡有涉道家者,悉编入焉。大都摘录原文,不加论说。”</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)优点:除全真、大道、太一这三个新道教外</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">其前道教正一教派的文献有此书即可知其大略。今天则不仅研究道教</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">对了解古代社会以至民俗也有用处。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;"><br></span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 14px;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong><span style="background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体;">第十六节 杂抄</span></strong></span></p><p><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">一.几种重要的杂抄</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(一)含义:杂抄</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,是把前此若干书中认为好的精粹有用的摘抄出来编到一起,成为一部新书之谓。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(二)杂抄和类书的区别:类书要分门类来编集这些资料</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,杂抄只是一部书接一部书地抄,不用再分类。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(三)相关著作:</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">1.《群书治要》五十卷,唐魏徵等奉敕撰。</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">缺失了卷四、卷十三和卷二十三。这是杂抄经、史、诸子的书。</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)优点:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">其中的《晋书》尚是今本《晋书》纂修前的旧本</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,诸子中如桓谭《新论》、崔寔《政要》、仲长统《昌言》、袁準《正书》、蒋济《万机论》、桓范《政要论》等后来均已失传。所以此书在辑佚校勘上很有用处。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">2.《意林》,唐马总撰。马总两《唐书》都有传。</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">这书杂抄先秦诸子和汉以来的子部书</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,据现存的这六卷本有一百多种。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)优点:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">可供辑佚校勘之用和《群书治要》相同。</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">3.《说郛》一百卷,元陶宗仪撰。</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">据此统计共抄录了七百二十一种书。编次并无规律</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,只是随读随抄编集成书,多子部的杂记、小说之类。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)优点:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">可贵的是其中有好些原书后已佚失</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,此《说郛》可作辑佚校勘之用</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)传本:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">有明抄本流传</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,近人张宗祥用六种明抄本校出一部比较完善的百卷本,民国十六年由商务印书馆印行。另有清顺治四年陶珽重编宛委山堂刊刻的一百二十卷本,则已更动了原本的次序,改变了原本的本来面目,陶珽还刊刻了《说郛续》四十六卷。1988年上海古籍出版社用商务张校本缩印,并据张氏在1952年用另明抄残本校勘的成果编写成“说郛校勘记”附在书后,再附带影印了陶珽重编的宛委山堂本《说郛》一百二十卷和《说郛续》四十六卷,并在全书卷首编了个总目录。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;"><br></span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 14px;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong><span style="background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体;">第十七节 类书</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;text-align:center;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-family:宋体;"><br></span></span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">一.早期供做诗文备查的类书</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(一)类书的含义:类书最早是编了为做诗文备查用的</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,由于魏晋南北朝到隋唐,文章流行骈体,诗也讲究辞藻,都要多用典故,于是从前此书籍包括经史子集里抄出种种可用于诗文的故实,分类编集,所以叫做类书。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(二)隋唐时著名的类书:</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">1.《北堂书钞》一百六十卷,隋虞世南撰。</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)作者:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">虞氏是文士兼书法家</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,传在两《唐书》里,但此书是在隋大业时所撰集。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">全书分帝王、后妃、政术、刑法等十八部</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,部下再分类,共有八百五十一类,都用大字写出原文,用小字在原文下注明出于何书。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)传本:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">有明万历二十八年陈禹谟刻本</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,多所改窜,应该用未经改窜的明抄本和据明抄的传抄本。清光绪十四年孔广陶用孙星衍等所校抄本再行校勘刊刻行世,是较好的本子。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《艺文类聚》一百卷</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,唐欧阳询等撰。此书武德七年修成进呈。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)作者:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">欧阳询也是文学家兼书法家</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">共有四十六部七百二十七个子目</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,每个子目先引用若干古事,然后抄撮标出“诗”“歌”“赋”“赞” “书”“表”“疏”等各种体制的诗文,所抄多整段整篇。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)传本:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">有</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">1965年中华书局上海编辑所出版的汪绍楹点校本,1982年上海古籍出版社重印时附编了人名和书名篇名的索引。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:14px;text-indent:0;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">3.《初学记》三十卷,唐徐坚等撰,是玄宗时叫编了供皇太子做诗文之用,所以叫《初学记》。</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">共有二十四部三百一十三个子目。每个子目先</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">“叙事”,再“事对”(即可以成对的词及其原文),再是赋”“诗”“颂”“赞”“箴”“铭”“论”“书”“祭文”等各体诗文,大体同于其时盛行的《昭明文选》的分类,所引也多整段整篇。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)传本:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">其书现存最早的刻本是明嘉靖十年安国刻本</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,另有清严可均校本与安刻颇有异同。1962年中华书局出版点校本,是用出自安刻并改正些错误的武英殿刻古香斋巾箱本作底本,并利用了严可均及陆心源的校勘成果,1980年重印时又出了一册包括事对索引和引书索引的《初学记索引》。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">4.</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《白氏六帖》三十卷</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,唐白居易撰。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)内容:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">其书原只名《六帖》</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,是白居易为做诗文方便随意纂抄成书的。不分部只列了三百六十七个门类,每个门类先列词语,有些词语还作对偶有点像《初学记》的“事对”,在词语之下用小字注出原文,但又不注此原文的出处。其后给原文注了出处的,据晁公武《郡斋读书志》载是他的曾祖父秘阁公即晁仲珩。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)传本:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">这种有注的宋本</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,一种叫《新雕白氏六帖事类添注出经》,存卷一至二十八;一种叫《白氏六帖事类集》,三十卷完全,只是所注出处不如上一种多,有民国二十一年影印本,分一千三百六十七门,又附五百零三门。1987年文物出版社又据以影印。此外,《直斋书录解题》又著录孔传的《续六帖》三十卷,南宋胡仔的《苕溪渔隐丛话后集》卷六引《复斋漫录》说孔书本名《六帖新书》。南宋末年又被合编刊刻成《唐宋白孔六帖》一百卷,也简称《白孔六帖》,今大图书馆多藏有明嘉靖时刻本。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">三</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">隋唐类书的作用:</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">作索引</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">作资料汇编用。要研究古代的什么事物</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">在这些类书中一般可以找到</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">它提供你一堆现成的资料。当然使用起来还要做到原书存在的查用原书</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">原书已佚的要说明是什么类书卷几引用的什么书。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">所汇集的资料</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体;">原书已佚的可作辑佚用</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">原书存在的还可作校勘用</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">因为这些类书的时代早</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">所引用的在文字上也许比今本正确些。其中《艺文类聚》和《初学记》被人们利用得更多一些</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">因为如上所说</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">这两书所引的多属整段整篇。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(四)《太平御览》一千卷</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,北宋李昉等奉敕撰,太宗太平兴国八年书成进呈,和《太平广记》《文苑英华》《册府元龟》合称北宋官修的四大书。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">内容:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">和此前的《艺文类聚》《初学记》等类书不同</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,有些资料不是直接取自原书,而是利用此前的这些类书编纂的,,有五千三百六十三类,五十五个部。每类列出一条条的书名并引文,不再细分“叙事”“赋”“诗”等。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">优点:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《太平御览》所引用的多有不见于《艺文类聚》《初学记》等书里</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,而且部类也比较多,因而其书和《艺文类聚》《初学记》等同为人们所重视引用,甚至引用得更频繁。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">注本:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">这书通行善本有《四部丛刊三编》里影印的宋本配日本活字本</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,1960年中华书局又用《三编》本影印四大册,并编“总类”和各册细目。1935年哈佛燕京社出版聂崇岐主编的《太平御览引得》,有篇目引得和引书引得,也便于使用。</span></span></p><p><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">二.宋以后的大类书</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(一)《玉海》二百卷附《辞学指南》四卷南宋王应麟撰</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,元顺帝至元六年由庆元路儒学刊成行世。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">内容:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">宋代的科举在哲宗绍圣时设宏词科</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,徽宗大观时改为词学兼茂科,南宋高宗绍兴时定为博学宏词科,因而读书人有通晓历代典章制度和本朝掌故的要求,《玉海》即为此而编纂。分二十门,门下再分子目。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">优点:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">所引颇多宋代的实录、国史等第一手史料</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,也有宋以前的史料而其后佚失者,因此很受研究历史尤其研究宋史者所重视。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(二)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《永乐大典》二万二千八百七十七卷、《目录》六十卷</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,明永乐元年奉敕撰,二年奏进,赐名《文献大成》,继又增修,五年奏进,赐名《永乐大典》。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">内容:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">这本是一种将做诗用的每个字注有故实的韵书</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,加以无限制地扩大而产生的怪物。是以当时的《洪武正韵》为纲,在每个字之下抄录有关的资料,有的是整部书抄在这个字下面,如《水经注》,有的则把一部书分拆成若干条,分抄到有关的各个字下面。《永乐大典》不能算是类书,因为它不分类,只好算是韵书,但又不像韵书那样真可备查用,无处可归,只好“名不正,言不顺”地让它混进类书堆里了。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">优点:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">可用来辑佚和校勘</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">传本:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">当时只抄了一部</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">“正本”,到嘉靖四十一年又抄了一部“副本”,隆庆初抄成。明亡后,正本已不见踪影,只剩下副本在翰林院里,光绪二十六年八国联军进入北京更被大量地焚毁抢掠。1960年中华书局征集了残存在国内外的七百三十卷,影印以供利用。1986年中华书局又将其后征集到的六十七卷影印,并将这两次所印再合印成精装本,并附印了杨氏连筠簃刻本《永乐大典目录》六十卷。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(三)清康熙时官修的类书:</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">1.《渊鉴类函》四百五十卷、《骈字类编》二百四十卷、《分类字锦》六十四卷、《子史精华》一百六十卷、《佩文韵府》四百四十三卷和《韵府拾遗》一百十三卷。</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">2.史料价值:远不如前面所说唐宋几种类书有用,主要原因是修这些类书时所用的书今天大体还都保存着,这些类书并无辑佚校勘的功用。</span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">(四)《古今图书集成》一万卷。</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">作者:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">诚亲王胤祉纂辑</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,清世宗即位后此书被世宗据为己有,命蒋廷锡等重为编校。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">内容:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">共计三十二典六千一百零九部一万卷</span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">优点:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">作为资料的索引和汇编尚有其用处</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,其中引用的多种地方志,如今也不易找见,有的当已失传。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">4.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">注本:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">过去易得的有清光绪时图书集成局扁铅字印本</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,1934年中华书局影印铜活字本。1986年中华书局和巴蜀书社用中华本再影印。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;"><br></span></span></p><p style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体;">第十八节</span> <span style="font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体;">丛书</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align:center;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-family:宋体;"><br></span></span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">一.宋明人编印的丛书</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(一)传统的类书:只有汇编丛书中的杂纂类丛书</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,才是传统的丛书。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">1. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《儒学警悟》七种</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,南宋俞鼎孙、俞经编刻,书成于宁宗嘉泰元年,是现存的最早的丛书。有民国十一年陶湘刻本。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">2. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《百州学海》一百种</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,南宋左圭编刊,在度宗咸淳时。有民国十六年陶湘刻本,1960年中华书局影印陶刻本。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">3. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《顾氏文房小说》四十种</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,明顾元庆编刻,在正德、嘉靖时。有民国十四年商务印书馆影印原刻本。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">4. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《古今逸史》四十二种</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,明吴琯编刻,在万历时。有民国二十六年商务印书馆影印原刻本。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">5. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《稗海》七十四种</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,明商濬编刻,在万历时。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">6. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《汉魏丛书》三十八种</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,明程荣编刻,在万历时。有民国十四年商务印书馆影印原刻本。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">7. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《津逮秘书》一百四十四种</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,明毛晋编刻,在崇祯时。有民国十一年博古斋影印原刻本</span></span></p><p><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">二.清人编印的丛书</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"></span></p><p style="margin-left: 28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">1. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《学海类编》四百四十一种</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,清曹溶编,陶越增订,时在清初,仅有抄本,至道光时六安晁氏用木活字排印行世。有民国九年商务印书馆影印晁本。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">2. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《武英殿聚珍版丛书》一百三十八种</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,清乾隆时奉敕用木活字排印,多从《永乐大典》辑出之书。有江苏、江西、浙江、福建、广东等省多种重刻本。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">3. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《抱经堂丛书》二十种</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,清卢文弨编刻,在乾隆时。有民国十二年直隶书局影印原刻本。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">4. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《知不足斋丛书》二百零七种</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,清鲍廷博编刻,在乾隆至道光时。有民国十年古书流通处影印原刻本。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">5. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《经训堂丛书》二十一种</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,清毕沅编刻,在乾隆时。有光绪十年大同书局影印原刻本。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">6. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《雅雨堂丛书》十一种</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,清卢见曾编刻,在乾隆时。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">7. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《岱南阁丛书》二十三种</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,清孙星衍编刻,在嘉庆时,有部分是仿宋元本刊刻。有民国十三年博古斋影印原刻本。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">8. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《平津馆丛书》四十三种</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,清孙星衍编刻,在嘉庆时,有部分是仿宋本刊刻。有光绪十年朱记荣重刻本。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">9. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《士礼居丛书》十九种</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,清黄丕烈编刻,在嘉庆时,多数是仿宋本刊刻。有光绪十三年盖英馆影印原刻本,民国十一年博古斋影印原刻本。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">10. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《学津讨原》一百九十二种</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,清张海鹏编刻,在嘉庆时。有民国十一年商务印书馆影印原刻本。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">11. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《守山阁丛书》一百十二种</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,清钱熙祚编刻,在道光时。有民国十一年博古斋影印原刻本。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">12. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《连筠簃丛书》十二种</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,清杨尚文编刻,在道光时。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">13. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《别下斋丛书》二十七种</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,清蒋光煦编刻,在咸丰时。有民国十二年商务印书馆影印原刻本。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">14. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《粤雅堂丛书》二百零八种</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,清伍崇曜编刻,在道光至同治时。《琳琅秘室丛书》三十种,清胡珽编,用木活字排印。有光绪时董金鉴重刻本。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">15. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《佚存丛书》十七种</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,日本天瀑山人林衡编,用木活字排印,皆中国已佚失而保存在日本的书。有民国十三年商务印书馆影印日本原印本</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">16. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《古逸丛书》二十七种</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,清黎庶昌编。黎氏光绪七年出使日本访得中国已佚失的宋元刻本、古写本书,由日人木村嘉平等覆刻。又商务印书馆民国十一年起出版《续古逸丛书》四十七种,皆影印宋刻本。中华书局1982年起陆续出版《古逸丛书三编》,亦皆影印宋元刻本。今已出齐四十三种。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">17. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《四部丛刊》三百五十种</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,民国八年至十一年商务印书馆影印宋金元明清刻本活字本抄本及朝鲜刻本,民国十五年重印,抽换二十一种版本,民国二十五年又出缩印本名《四部丛刊初编》。《四部丛刊续编》八十一种,民国二十三年商务影印宋元刻本抄本稿本。《四部丛刊三编》七十三种,民国二十四年至二十五年商务影印宋元刻本明活字本抄本。这些都是民国时规模最大的影印古籍善本的丛书,至今仍为学术界所重视,所以附带在这里说一说。重印本《四部丛刊》在1989年,《续编》在1984年至1985年,《三编》在1985年,都由上海书店影印出版精装本。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">18. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">此外</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">,商务印书馆在民国二十四年选取丛书一百部编辑出版《丛书集成初编》,共收书四千一百零七种,按王云五分类法编排,大部铅印断句,少数影印,也便于使用。当时未能出齐。1983年中华书局重印,以后又把未出的出齐。</span></span></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;"><br></span></section><hr style="border-style: solid;border-width: 1px 0 0;border-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.1);-webkit-transform-origin: 0 0;-webkit-transform: scale(1, 0.5);transform-origin: 0 0;transform: scale(1, 0.5);"><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><br></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;"> 下次推送《古文献学讲义》目录·集部,即第一节概说、第二一节楚辞、第三节诗文、第四节词、第五节曲。</span></strong><br></span></section><section style="margin-left: 0px;text-align: center;text-indent: 2em;"><br></section><section style="margin: 0px;text-align: right;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 10px;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;">作者:<span style="font-size: 10px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);text-align: right;">不确定uncertain</span><br></span></section><section style="margin: 0px;text-align: right;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 10px;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;">编辑:不确定uncertain</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;text-indent: 2em;"><br></section><section style="margin: 0px;text-align: 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