SDGs 发表于 2023-7-16 11:05

《西游记》的作者是谁?吴承恩、丘处机、某藩王府?

<div style="max-width:677px;overflow:hidden;"><section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-paragraph-type="ignored" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;width: 100%;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;flex-direction: column;padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="width: 11px;height: 16px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;margin-right: -7.1px;margin-bottom: -5.1px;align-self: flex-end;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><br></section></section></section></section><p style="margin: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;" mpa-paragraph-type="image">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align: center;padding: 0px;"></p><p style="text-align: center;padding: 0px;"><br></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">&nbsp;<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"> &nbsp;纵览一个世纪以来,《西游记》作者的研究,大体经历了</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 41, 65);"><strong>无作者;推衍作者为邱处机、吴承恩;否定邱处机,考订作者为吴承恩;否定吴承恩,寻觅新作者的探索历程。</strong></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 41, 65);"><strong><br></strong></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(112, 171, 217); font-family: PingFangSC-Semibold, &quot;P&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 一、“某藩王府”说</span></p><section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;width: 100%;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;flex-direction: column;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="width: 100%;height: 36px;transform: translateX(6px);margin-top: -32.1px;background: rgb(219, 234, 245);" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><br></section></section></section></section><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 《西游记》最初问世未署作者姓名,世德堂本陈元之序云“《西游》一书,不知其何人所为,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(255, 41, 65);"><strong>或曰‘出今天潢何侯王之国’,或曰‘出八公之徒’,或曰‘出王自制’。”</strong></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">(见陈元之序)</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;从《西游记》序可知,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(255, 41, 65);"><strong>当时人对《西游记》作者的猜测,主要集中在可能出于某藩王府。</strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">明周弘祖成书于万历之前的目录学著作《古今书刻》,曾著录一种‘鲁府’刊本的《西游记》,刻名、书名、时间等与陈序说法相合,因此出现“鲁王府”说。明代盛行于斯《休庵影语》中有一篇《西游记误》曰:“此样抄本,出自周邸……”,出现“周府”说。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: left;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">&nbsp;</span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: left;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span><span style="color: rgb(112, 171, 217); font-family: PingFangSC-Semibold, &quot;P二、“丘处机”说</span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(112, 171, 217); font-family: PingFangSC-Semibold, &quot;P<br></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;清初汪象旭称邱处机“有《磻溪(集)》、《鸣道集》、《西游记》行于世”,有附元虞集撰《原序》,</span><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(255, 41, 65);"><strong>引衡岳紫琼道人曰:“此国初丘长春真君所纂《西游记》也。”</strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">遂有《西游记》为“邱长春所作”说。汪评又从而处处牵合邱处机以为说,言之凿凿,《西游记》邱作说遂尔流行。这也导致当时《西游记》宗教解读(尤其是道教)影响尤胜。(ps:钱大昕、焦循、纪昀等否定邱作说,并将作者研究引向明人)</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><br></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(112, 171, 217); font-family: PingFangSC-Semibold, &quot;P&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 三、“吴承恩”说</span></p><section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;width: 100%;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;flex-direction: column;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="width: 100%;height: 36px;transform: translateX(6px);margin-top: -32.1px;background: #DBEAF5;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><br></section></section></section></section><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;民国以来,胡适、鲁迅等学者在清人吴玉搢等人发现基础上提出了《西游记》作者应为吴承恩。此后,赵景深、刘修业、苏兴各作吴承恩传,力主吴承恩作《西游记》说,后又有刘振业、陈澉、刘怀玉、蔡铁鹰、宋克夫等学者支持力证此观点。</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 41, 65);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 41, 65);font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"> <strong>胡适、鲁迅等为代表的学者认为作者为吴承恩,不是长春真人邱处</strong></span><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 41, 65);font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">机,论据:</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1、元朝长春真人邱处机所作《西游记》实为一部地理学上的重要资料,并非小说(记载元太祖西征时,邱处机应命西行的经历)。</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2、天启《淮安府志》卷十九《艺文志》——《淮贤文目》中著录:“吴承恩:《射阳集》四册 卷;《春秋列传序》;《西游记》”。</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3、清代吴玉搢《山阳志遗》和阮葵生《茶余客话》都认为百回本《西游记》为吴承恩所作,并注意到《西游记》中的方言,“其出淮人手无疑”。(吴承恩为淮安人)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;丁晏的《石亭记事续编》对百回本《西游记》的作者问题也有考证。据书中的明代官制进一步证明此书不可能为邱处机所作,认为《西游记》是淮安嘉靖中岁贡生吴承恩所作。(《小说考证》卷二)</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><br></span><span style="color: rgb(112, 171, 217); font-family: PingFangSC-Semibold, &quot;P&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 四、"非吴承恩"说</span></p><section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;width: 100%;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;flex-direction: column;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="width: 100%;height: 36px;transform: translateX(6px);margin-top: -32.1px;background: #DBEAF5;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><br></section></section></section></section><p><br></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 20世纪30年代,俞平伯《驳&lt;跋销释真空宝卷&gt;》中对此提出质疑,然而当时未受学界注意。至80年代,更多学者否定吴承恩的著作权地位,形成吴作说与非吴作说两派的激烈争论。</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 20世纪80年代,章培恒先后发表两篇论文:《百回本&lt;西游记&gt;是否吴承恩所作》和《再谈百回本&lt;西游记&gt;是否吴承恩所作》,对百回本《西游记》为吴承恩作的说法持保留态度,</span><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 41, 65);font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">他提出的<strong style="">论据</strong>如下:</span></strong></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1、没有有力的旁证证明《淮安府志》著录的吴承恩《西游记》为百回本小说。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2、清初黄虞稷所撰的《千顷堂书目》卷八史部地理类著录:“唐鹤征《南游记》三卷;吴承恩《西游记》;沈明臣《四明山游藉》一卷”。倘若《千顷堂书目》著录不误,那么,吴承恩《西游记》乃是一部通常意义上的游记。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3、吴玉搢《山阳志遗》和阮葵生《茶余客话》的依据为天启《志》中的《淮贤文目》,但并未举出任何证据来证明天启《志》所著录的《西游记》为通俗小说。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4、关于方言问题,据人民文学出版社出版的《西游记》注释本(1980年5月),明确提及淮安方言共六处,经章培恒先生考证,作品真正能作为淮安方言的词语,至多只有三个(“木圈户”“畜(旭)”“山恶人善”)。同时注意到,其中也有相当数量的吴语方言。考虑到《西游记》成书过程,章培恒先生认为百回本把《永乐大典》本《西游记》中“吊下一个龙头来”的“吊下”写成“落下”乃是“吴语区人习惯于吴语的表现”。且百回本以前的《西游记》原出于北方人之手,因此其中原就存在着长江以北的方言可能性是相当大的。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">此后国内学者如刘勇强、黄永年、徐朔方、李安纲等基于章培恒的观点也不断提出新的观点支持非吴说。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">同时,非吴说也得到不少汉学家支持,如日本学者矶部彰,他认为“古代士大夫传统形成有一种原则,即官撰或以官撰为准则的正规史书、目录类著作中不会无所顾忌地采录白话小说作品,因此天启《淮安府志》中的吴承恩《西游记》是否是一部稗官小说,大可存疑……”再如,美国学者浦安迪、澳大利亚华裔汉学家柳存仁等都支持非吴说。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><br></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 41, 65);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 41, 65);font-size: 14px;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">但是仍有许多学者认为《西游记》乃吴承恩作,并不断提出各种论据支持,因此,目前学界对《西游记》作者究竟是否为吴承恩仍处于不断考证的阶段。</span></strong></span></p><p><br></p><p style="margin: 0px;text-align: right;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;" mpa-paragraph-type="body"><span style="font-size: 10px;">作者:林阿轩<br></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;text-align: right;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;" mpa-paragraph-type="body"><span style="font-size: 10px;">编辑:不确定</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;" mpa-paragraph-type="body"><br></p><p style="margin: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;" mpa-paragraph-type="body">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>&nbsp;此篇内容来源于2021年1月6日《西游记》交流会中林阿轩做的ppt,题目是“《西游记》的成书过程、版本和作者问题介绍”,本次推出了《西游记》的作者问题介绍~</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;"><br></p><p style="margin: 0px;text-align: center;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;" mpa-paragraph-type="body"><br></p><p style="margin: 0px;text-align: center;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;" mpa-paragraph-type="body"><strong style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 14px;text-align: left;">欢迎大家关注读不懂书屋和b站up主以梦为鹿515~</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">若想进“读不懂”交流会大群或每个交流会的小群,</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">请联系微信号:13436997669(拥抱不确定)</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p></div>
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