《礼记》交流笔记4:礼记注疏卷第一·曲礼上第一[3]
<div style="max-width:677px;overflow:hidden;"><section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-paragraph-type="ignored" mpa-from-tpl="t" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;width: 100%;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;flex-direction: column;padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="width: 11px;height: 16px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;margin-right: -7.1px;margin-bottom: -5.1px;align-self: flex-end;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><br></section></section></section></section><p><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 176, 80);"><br mpa-from-tpl="t"></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br mpa-from-tpl="t"></p><section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section data-style-id="24684" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;" mpa-from-tpl="t"><p style="margin-left:30px;margin-right:auto;width:4em;background-color:#fefefe;transform: rotateZ(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-ms-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(0deg);"><br></p><section style="margin-top: -15px;border-bottom: 1px solid #7198b3;border-top: 1px solid #7198b3;border-right-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-right-color: #7198b3;border-left-color: #7198b3;padding: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" mpa-from-tpl="t"><p style="letter-spacing: 2px;text-align: left;"><strong style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 3px;" mpa-from-tpl="t">【小tips】:</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">原文:下划线。</strong></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 41, 65);"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">红色:重要的、喜欢的。</strong></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 128, 255);"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">蓝色:自己的看法。</strong></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 209, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">绿色:不懂的、有争议的。</strong></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 172, 213);"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">粉色:原来不懂,但是现在懂了。</strong></span></p></section><section style="margin-top:-20px;text-align: right;" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="margin-right:30px;display:inline-block;transform: rotateZ(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-ms-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(0deg);" mpa-from-tpl="t"><p style="margin-left:auto;width:4em;background-color:#fefefe;"><br></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="text-align: center;"><br mpa-from-tpl="t"></p><section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;width: 100%;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;flex-direction: column;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="width: 80%;height: 46px;background: rgb(202, 200, 225);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(136, 122, 176);margin-bottom: -35.1px;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><br mpa-from-tpl="t"></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;flex-direction: column;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(237, 233, 242);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(136, 122, 176);border-radius: 50%;align-self: flex-start;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 8px;z-index: 1;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><br mpa-from-tpl="t"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(237, 233, 242);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(136, 122, 176);border-radius: 50%;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: -12.1px;align-self: flex-end;z-index: 1;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><br mpa-from-tpl="t"></section><section style="text-align: center;padding: 7px 24px 6px 23px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(136, 122, 176);" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><p style="font-size: 16px;font-family: PingFangSC-Semibold, PingFang SC;font-weight: bold;color: #887AB0;line-height: 22px;" data-mid="">一、礼记注疏卷第一·曲礼上第一</p></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(237, 233, 242);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(136, 122, 176);border-radius: 50%;align-self: flex-start;margin-top: -12.1px;margin-left: 8px;z-index: 1;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><br mpa-from-tpl="t"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(237, 233, 242);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(136, 122, 176);border-radius: 50%;margin-right: 8px;margin-top: -6px;align-self: flex-end;margin-bottom: 8px;z-index: 1;" data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t"><br mpa-from-tpl="t"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br mpa-from-tpl="t"></p><section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;width: 578px;"><section data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;"><section data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(131, 148, 165);border-radius: 50%;align-self: center;transform: translateX(15px);z-index: 1;"><br></section><section data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="padding: 2px;border-radius: 42px 0px 0px 42px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(131, 148, 165);"><section data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="padding: 4px 15px 2px 25px;text-align: center;border-radius: 75px 0px 0px 75px;border-width: 1px;border-style: dashed;border-color: rgb(131, 148, 165);"><p data-mid="" style="font-size: 16px;font-family: PingFangSC-Semibold, 'PingFang SC';font-weight: bold;color: rgb(131, 148, 165);line-height: 22px;">曲礼上第一</p></section></section></section></section></section><p><br></p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;">(七)</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;text-decoration: underline;font-family: 宋体;">人生十年曰幼,学。二十曰弱,冠。三十曰壮,有室。四十曰强,而仕。五十曰艾,服官政。六十曰耆,指使。七十曰老,而传。八十、九十曰耄,七年曰悼,悼与耄虽有罪,不加刑焉。百年曰期,颐。大夫七十而致事。若不得谢,则必赐之几杖,行役以妇人。适四方,乘安车。自称曰老夫,于其国则称名;越国而问焉,必告之以其制。</span></strong></span><br></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;">此一节明人幼而从学,至於成德,终始之行,皆遵礼制。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;">.</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;">{孔:</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;">据《内则》,子生八年“始教之让,九年教之数日,十年出就外傅,居宿於外,学书计”。二十到二十九岁,因为血气未定,体未壮,所以为“弱冠”。三十到三十九岁“壮”。四十到四十九“强”。}</span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3.</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,176,80);font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">关于</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">“幼”的解释有争议。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">{</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">三月。《檀弓》云:“幼名者,三月为名称幼。”</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">/</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">十九以前。冠礼云:“弃尔幼志。”是十九以前为幼。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">/</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">十五以前。《丧服传》云:“子幼。”郑康成云:“十五已下,皆别有义。”</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">/</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">十岁。今云“十年曰幼,学”,是十岁而就业也。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">}</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">4.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">冠仪。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">{</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">孔:今谓庶人及士之子,若卿大夫十五以上则冠,故《丧服》云“大夫为昆弟之长殇”是也。其冠仪与士同,故《郊特牲》云“无大夫冠礼”是也。其大夫之子亦二十而冠,其诸侯之子亦二十而冠,天子之子则十二而冠。若天子诸侯之身,则皆十二而冠。具释在《冠义》。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">}</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,176,80);font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">一开始说卿大夫十五以上则冠,又说</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">“无大夫冠礼”,是不是“若卿大夫十五以上则冠”,在“卿大夫”之后缺</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,176,80);font-size:14px;">了</span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,176,80);font-size:14px;">“之子”二字。这里说的是庶人、士和大夫之子都是十五以上则冠吗?到底说的是卿大夫还是卿大夫之子?</span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,176,80);font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">应该是卿大夫之子吧,因为只有超过四十岁才能够当大夫。《礼记</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">·曲礼下》:“大夫五十乃爵,故不问大夫而问其子。”</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">5.</span><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;">室和宫的区别。</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体;">通而言之,一个意思。分而言之,四面穹隆则宫,因其贮物充实则曰室,室之言实也。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">6.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《媒氏》云:“<strong>男三十,女二十。</strong>”</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">7.</span><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;">四十曰强</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体;">。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">{</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">孔:强有两个意思,一是智虑强,二是气力强。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">}</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">8.</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,176,80);font-size:14px;">是七十曰艾,还是五十曰艾有争议。</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">{</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">熊氏云:“案《中候·运衡》云‘年耆既艾’,注云:‘七十曰艾。’言七十者,以时尧年七十,故以七十言之。又《中候·准谶哲》云:‘仲父年艾,谁将逮政。’注云‘七十曰艾’者,云谁将逮政,是告老致政,致政当七十之时,故以七十曰艾。”</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">}</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">9.</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,176,80);font-size:14px;">关于为什么只说宗子而不提庶子的问题,有争议。</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">{</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">孔:第一种解释:然庶子年老,亦得传付子孙,而郑唯云“谓宗子”者,为《丧服》有“宗子孤为殇”,郑云:“言孤,有不孤者,谓父有废疾,若七十而老,子代主宗事者也。”郑今欲会成《丧服》义,故引“宗子之父”也。第二种解释:只有五宗可以传祭祀之事,所以郑玄知道不是庶子。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">}</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,176,80);font-size:14px;">另外,是到了八十的时候,就不用祭祀了吗?</span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(224,66,230);font-size:14px;">是的。</span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">10.</span><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;">七岁之前,八十之后,不加刑</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体;">。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">{</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">郑注云:“若今时律令,未满八岁,八十以上,非手杀人,他皆不坐。”故司剌有三赦,皆放免不坐也。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">}</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,112,192);font-size:14px;">郑玄说的是东汉时候。</span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">11.</span><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;">置和致</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体;">的区别。置:废绝,致:与人。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">12.</span><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;">称名的用法、上大夫和下大夫的区别。</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体;"></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">{</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)“於其国则称名”者,“於其国”,谓自与其君言也,虽老,犹自称名也。(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)注“君虽尊异之,自称犹若臣”者,案《玉藻》云“上大夫曰下臣”,《士相见礼》云“士大夫於他邦之君曰外臣”,是上大夫於已君自称为下臣,於他国君自称为外臣。又《玉藻》云“下大夫自名”,又郑注《玉藻》云“下大夫自名,於他国则曰外臣某”,其是下大夫於已君称名,於他国曰外臣某。此既自称老夫,</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px;">宜是上大夫,而称名从下大夫者,既被君尊异,故臣亦谦退,从下大夫之例而称名也</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">。且《玉藻》所云,是其从下大夫例,然臣於君,单称名无嫌也。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">}</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><br></span></span></p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;">(八)谋于长者,必操几杖以从之。长者问,不辞让而对,非礼也。</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">此一节明有事取谋议於长者。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">拜见老人必须带着凭几、手杖。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">{</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">孔:杖可以策身,几可以杖己,俱是养尊者之物,故於谋议之时将就也。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">}</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,176,80);font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">直译的话是:当有事情与长者谋议的时候,要拿着座子和手杖跟从着。孔颖达说</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">“故於谋议之时将就也”。在北大版《礼记正义》的注释中写到:“将”,闽、监、毛本作“持”。《考文》引宋板“持”作“将”,正德本同。郑玄说:“从,犹就也”。所以“将就”的“就”是“从”的意思。个人以为,这里的“将就”如果是“持就”会更通顺。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">/</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">有个好奇的点,在拜见长者时,还要提前从家里准备好座子和手杖,一路拿着去拜访长者吗?还是说每位长者家里早已为拜访自己的人准备好了座子和手杖,方便来访者对自己表示尊敬?</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,112,192);font-size:14px;">(人的两颗心无法跳出身体直接沟通,也就是说,人与人之间无法在纯粹意义上了解到别人真实的内心,所以只能被迫地通过观察他人的表现来推断他人的动机。但这种方式是有缺陷的,因为真诚的尊敬永远都是从内心出发的,如果仅凭外在的行为或表现来断定别人对某人的尊敬与否,实在是太武断了。既然这种方式具有武断的嫌疑,那为什么这么多的人都通过这种方式来了解他人呢?是因为这种方式在很大程度上具有合理性,表现在三个方面:一是大多数人长着眼睛,从小习惯了用眼睛观察世界、认识世界,这样做非常方便;二是某些人常常会觉得人在潜意识里具有表里如一的习惯;三是某些人相信对方是诚信的,对方的诚信品质是根据相互接触、他人推荐或社会认可等方式建构起来的。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,112,192);font-size:14px;">从这三个方面看来,人们凭借他人的表现推断其动机的方法确实在很大程度上是合理的,所以在现实生活中,人们便可堂而皇之、不假思索地运用这个方法了吗?</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,112,192);font-size:14px;">好玩了,接下来,我要告诉那些不假思索运用这个方法的人,这三种貌似正确的合理性,是可以被反驳的。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,112,192);font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">反驳第一个观点很好办,大多数人长着两只眼,但</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">“他长的两只眼可能是出气儿使的”(只是引用一下俗语,并非冒犯的意思),另一个类似的、比较礼貌的俗语是“眼见不一定为实”。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,112,192);font-size:14px;">如果认为第二种观点合理的话,要确认两个前提是正确的,一是潜意识是合理的,二是在潜意识的基础之上,人都具有表里如一的习惯。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,112,192);font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">潜意识是指人类心理活动中未被觉察的部分,是人们</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">“已经发生但并未达到意识状态的心理活动过程”(弗洛伊德)。既然潜意识无法摸到,无法看到,甚至无法被人察觉到,那么人们怎么可能知道有潜意识这个东西呢?所以从从实证科学或经验主义的角度上来说,潜意识只能算作假设,不能算作科学。随着潜意识这个词语被人熟知,人们习惯于将不能说清楚的东西都用潜意识来解释,潜意识因此变成了许多人常常“光顾”的口头语。举个极端点的例子,我今天为什么吃苹果,如果想不明白原因的话,都可以说成是“是我潜意识中想吃苹果,我也不知道我为什么这个时候这个地点这个情况下就想吃苹果,可能是因为我潜意识中觉得我要补充维生素吧”。由于吃苹果而想这么多的情况很少发生,但在我身上就经常发生这样的情况,我常常问我自己:“在当下这个时候这个地点这个情况下,我为什么要想这件事情?”又因为我怀疑“潜意识”这个概念,所以我不会说我是因为潜意识才导致我产生这样的想法或者动作的{不为自己的懒找借口},而是会进一步思考这样做的原因。举个例子,就像我现在这样,正在思考我为什么要思考“潜意识是真的还是假的”的这个问题,原因是我想要推断出凭借观察他人的表现推断其动机的方法不能达到</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">100%</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的正确。而我为什么要先说这种方式在某种程度上是合理的,而又要在之后否定它的合理性呢?是因为我要告诉大家,不能武断地得出结论。此外最终还想说明一下营造社会的坦诚氛围是多么重要的一件事,如果坦诚的社会氛围营造出来了,许多人都做到表里合一了,人们在茫茫人海中便会更加愿意与他人兑现彼此美好的情感了。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,112,192);font-size:14px;">我的慢慢长途又要开始了,弦已经上好了,蛤蟆已经控制不住要跳了,所以我也得非如此不可地接着说了。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,112,192);font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">通过上面的论证,可见潜意识这个概念不能堂而皇之、不假思索地拿来就用,其概念本身是有问题的。既然证明了潜意识的概念本身有问题,那么建立在潜意识概念合理的前提之上的</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">“人在潜意识里都具有表里如一的习惯”的观点也肯定是有问题的,这就不证自明了。不过为了表达清晰一些,还是论证一下错在哪里吧。“人在潜意识里都具有表里如一的习惯”这个看法很像“人性本善”、“人性本恶”或“人性本无善无恶”的论调,这同样也是一个无法通过实践来证明的事情。我还可以认为“人在潜意识里只喜欢口是心非”呢,我可以认为什么都行,反正怎么说怎么对,别人都无法证实呀。所以这种观点是想通过诡辩的方式来达到目的,因此“人在潜意识里都具有表里如一的习惯”的观点是有问题的。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,112,192);font-size:14px;">反驳第三个观点是最简单的,你自己对别人的观察都不敢保证是绝对正确的,你怎么能保证他人通过他的观察得出的结论是正确的呢?此外多数人选择出来的结果也并不一定是对的呀,比如当大多数人盲从的时候。因此,某些人选择相信对方被社会认可的或被他认可的道德品质是诚信的,从而相信这个诚信的人是表里如一的,进而通过观察他的表现而推断他的动机的方式也是有问题的。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,112,192);font-size:14px;">可以看出,被一些人堂而皇之、不假思索使用的观察方式在很大程度上是有问题的。人们不应该仅通过别人的外在表现就武断地推出他的动机。如果你很武断,就证明你很好骗,如果你很好骗,他也很好骗,我也很好骗,那么整个社会氛围就让那些表里不一的人钻了空子,而社会氛围混乱的责任全在这些惯着那些表里不一的人的身上。营造周围环境中的坦诚氛围是非常重要的事情,在当今的社会虽然不容易,但是若努力地尝试,会达到的。因为社会氛围是每一个社会成员共同创造的。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,112,192);font-size:14px;">受限于生理因素,通过观察他人的表现来推断他人动机的方式是一种被迫却必要的方式。采用这种方式具有一定合理性和方便的优势,但是仅通过这种方式了解别人是不全面的。因此当人们与他人交流的时候,不能仅凭一两次的接触就武断地判断某人的性质。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,112,192);font-size:14px;">这里探讨的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;color:rgb(0,112,192);font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">是</span>“<span style="font-family:宋体;">不能太武断</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的问题,而不是</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">不能这样做</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的问题。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,112,192);font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">ps</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">:延伸的有点多了,回到文本,“谋于长者,必操几杖以从之。长者问,不辞让而对,非礼也”,这句话的目的其实并不是在讨论内心尊不尊敬的问题,而是通过制定各种礼仪规则,创立社会道德规范,告诉大家日常生活中的尊卑顺序,主要目的是为了让社会稳定、和谐。)</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,112,192);font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;"><br></span></span></p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;">(九)凡为人子之礼:冬温而夏清,昏定而晨省,在丑夷不争。</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">此一节明人子事亲奉养之礼,又去争讼。明朋侪礼也。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">{</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">“昏定而晨省”者,上云冬温夏凊,是四时之法,今说一日之法。定,安也。晨,旦也。应卧,当齐整床衽,使亲体安定之后,退。至明旦,既隔夜,早来视亲之安否何如。先昏后晨,兼示经宿之礼。熊氏云:“晨省者,案《内则》云,同宫则鸡初鸣,异宫则昧爽而朝。”</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">}</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,176,80);font-size:14px;">“经宿之礼”和“昧爽”是啥意思?</span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(243,59,241);font-size:14px;">昧爽:天將曉而尚暗之時。</span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,176,80);font-size:14px;">“经宿之礼”推测是视亲请安的礼仪?</span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,176,80);font-size:14px;"><br></span></p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;">(十)夫为人子者,三赐不及车马。故州闾乡党称其孝也,兄弟亲戚称其慈也,僚友称其弟也,执友称其仁也,交游称其信也。见父之执,不谓之进不敢进,不谓之退不敢退,不问不敢对。此孝子之行也。</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">此一节明人子谦卑,行著於外,所敬又广。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;">不及和不受的区别。</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体;">不受:不接受,不及:心里认为自己还不够。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3.</span><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;">“三命”</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体;">的内容。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">{</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">孔:又《宗伯》“三命受位”,郑康成云:“始有列位於王朝。”今言“受车马”者,但三命受位,即受车马。以经云“车马”,故以“车马”言之。云“卿、大夫、士之子不受,不敢以成尊比逾於父”者,以公侯伯卿三命,其子不受,不敢比於父;公侯伯大夫、子男卿再命,公侯伯士一命,子男之士不命,其子三命不受车马者,皆是不敢逾於父。不言天子诸侯之子不敢受者,以其父位既尊,不得言不敢比逾,故云“自卑远於君”。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">}</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">4.</span><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;">“九仪”、“九赐”</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体;">内容。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">{</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">孔:案《周礼》九仪,“一命受职,再命受服,三命受位,四命受器,五命赐则,六命赐官,七命赐国,八命作牧,九命作伯”。案《含文嘉》:“九赐:一曰车马,二曰衣服,三曰乐则,四曰朱户,五曰纳陛,六曰虎贲,七曰斧钺,八曰弓矢,九曰秬鬯。”</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">......</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">其《公羊》说九赐之次,与《含文嘉》不同,一曰加服,二曰朱户,三曰纳陛,四曰舆马,五曰乐则,六曰虎贲,七曰斧钺,八曰弓矢,九曰秬鬯。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">}</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,176,80);font-size:14px;">九赐也有争议</span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,176,80);font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">5.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">郑玄认为这里的“三命之赐”和“九赐”第三不同。并且认为九赐和九命不同。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">6.</span><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;">六乡和六遂</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体;">。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">{</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">孔:《周礼·司徒》去王城百,置远郊,远郊之内为六乡,六乡之民,“五家为比,使之相保。五比为闾,使之相受。四闾为族,使之相葬。五族为党,使之相救。五党为州,使之相赒。五州为乡,使之相宾”。又《遂人职》主六遂,六遂之民在远郊之外,“五家为邻,五邻为里,四里为酂,五酂为鄙,五鄙为县,五县为遂”。今不言六遂者,举近耳。若六遂之中有此孝者,则亦称之也。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">}</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><br></span></span></p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;">(十一)夫为人子者:出必告,反必面,所游必有常,所习必有业。恒言不称老。年长以倍则父事之,十年以长则兄事之,五年以长则肩随之。群居五人,则长者必异席。</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">此一节亦明人子事亲之法,游方习业,及汎交之礼。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.{</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">孔:以二十未合有子,故郑云为人父之端,有子道也。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">}</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><br></span></span></p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;">(十二)</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;text-decoration: underline;font-family: 宋体;">为人子者,居不主奥,坐不中席,行不中道,立不中门。食飨不为概,祭祀不为尸。听于无声,视于无形。不登高,不临深。不茍訾,不茍笑。</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">此一节明孝子居处及行立待宾祭祀敬慎之事。</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 128, 255);">父子同宫的时候才有这样的规矩。</span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.{</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">孔:此明孝子居处闺门之内。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,176,80);font-size:14px;">不言凡者,或异居礼则不然</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">。</span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,176,80);font-size:14px;">这句话是啥意思?</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">}</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(243,59,241);font-size:14px;">不都是这样,如果父子不住在一起就不是这样。</span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3.{</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">孔:室向南户,近东南角,则西南隅隐奥无事,故呼其名为奥。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">/</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《说文》:“奥,宛也。室之西南隅。”本义</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">:</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">古时指房屋的西南角。古时祭祀设神主或尊者居坐之处。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">}</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,176,80);font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">为什么</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">“室向南户”,就“近东南角”了?</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,176,80);font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">是说</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">“主”离东南角更近吗?主要是地理位置想象不出来。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">4.{</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">孔:一席四人,则席端为上。今不云上席而言中者,旧通有二,一云敬无馀席,非唯不可上,亦不可中也;一云共坐则席端为上,独坐则席中为尊。尊者宜独,不与人共,则坐常居中,故卑者坐不得居中也。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">}</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 128, 255);">孔颖达解释了一下在座位中,哪些情况下是“尊位”。</span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">5.</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,176,80);font-size:14px;">“命士以上”是什么意思?</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">{</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">孔:若</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,176,80);font-size:14px;">命士以上</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">,则父子异宫则不禁。</span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,176,80);font-size:14px;">所以尔者,有命既尊,各有臣仆,子孙应敬已故也。</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">}</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(243,59,241);font-size:14px;">命士的意思是古代称受有爵命的士。</span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">其他:</span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">命士</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)古代称受有爵命的士。《礼记·内则》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">:</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">“由命士以上,父子皆异宫。” 唐 刘禹锡 《观市》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">:</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">“由命士已上不入於市, 周 礼有焉。” 清 王筠 《菉友肊说》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">:</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">“礼之设也,皆由命士以上,而不下庶。”</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">)汉 王莽 时代指俸禄五百石之士。《汉书·王莽传中》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">:</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">“更名秩百石曰庶士,三百石曰下士,四百石曰中士,五百石曰命士,六百石曰元士。”</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;"><br></span></span></p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;">(十三)</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;text-decoration: underline;font-family: 宋体;">孝子不服暗,不登危,惧辱亲也。父母存,不许友以死。不有私财。</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">此一节明孝子自谨慎其身,不许友以死,及不得有私财之事。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,176,80);font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">郑注“卒有非常”是啥意思?是死得不正常的意思吗?</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">hh</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">应该不是,推测应该是万一有非常之变,容易失礼,所以不于暗冥之中从事的意思。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,176,80);font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;"><br></span></span></p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;">(十四)为人子者:父母存,冠衣不纯素。</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">此一节明为人子父母存及孤子衣冠纯饰不同之事,言有亲而不素。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.{</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">孔:不言凡者,若仕者或遇凶荒,虽亲存亦须素服,非要在亲没,故不言凡。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">}</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 128, 255);">孔颖达解释了为什么不说“凡”的原因。</span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">冠纯:冠饰;衣纯:深衣领缘也。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">{</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">《深衣》曰:“具父母,衣纯以青。”</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">/</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">孔:礼》,具父母,太父母,存冠衣纯以缋;若有父母,无太父母,则纯以青;若少而并无,则乃纯素也。故亲存者不得纯素也。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">}</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">4.</span><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;">冠纯有吉凶之别。</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体;"></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">{</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">孔:引《玉藻》“缟冠玄武,子姓之冠”,证冠纯有吉凶之别也。缟冠者,薄绢为之。玄武者,以黑缯为冠卷也。子姓者,姓,生也,孙是子所生,故谓孙为子姓。父有服未毕,子虽已除,犹未全吉也,故缟冠玄武。玄武是吉,缟冠为凶,明吉凶兼服也。何胤云:“缯里卷武也。”云“缟冠素纰,既祥之冠也”,又证有素为凶也。当祥之日,朝服缟冠;祥祭之后,则缟冠素纰。何胤云:“素纰谓缘冠两边。”云“《深衣》曰:具父母衣纯以青”者,引证不纯以素之事。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">}</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><br></span></span></p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;">(十五)孤子当室,冠衣不纯采。</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">上言有亲而不素,此言无亲而素者也。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">2.</span><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">孤子</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;"></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">:29</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">岁以下无父者。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,176,80);font-size:14px;">3.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,176,80);font-size:14px;">关于是嫡子还是庶子有争议</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">{</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">孔:孤子谓二十九以下而无父者,当室谓適子也。既少孤,故虽除服,犹自素也。然《深衣》云:“孤子衣纯以素。”则嫡庶悉然。今云“当室”,则似庶子不同,所以尔者,通者有二,云凡子皆然,岂唯当室,但嫡子内理蒸尝,外交宗族,代亲既备,嫌或不同,故特明之,所以郑引《深衣》为注,会证凡孤子悉同也。崔灵恩云:“指谓当室,不当室则纯采,所以然者,当室之孤,内理蒸尝,外交宗族,所履之事,莫不伤心,故特纯素示哀也。《深衣》不云当室者,文略耳。”</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">}</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">4.{</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">孔:今所言虽是除丧,未三十不得纯采。若至三十,则亦采也,故云“当室,適子也。《深衣》曰:‘孤子衣纯以素也。’”</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,176,80);font-size:14px;">然注前解適子,后引《深衣》,似崔解也。</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">《深衣》不言冠者,从可知也。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">}</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,176,80);font-size:14px;">这里是说孔颖达认为崔说得对吗?</span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(243,59,241);font-size:14px;">是的。孔颖达认为崔灵恩对郑玄的解释是正确的,</span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">其他:</span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">当室:代父主持家事。古代多嫡子当室,故亦以指嫡子。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;"><br></span></span></p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;">(十六)幼子常视毋诳,童子不衣裘裳。立必正方。不倾听。长者与之提携,则两手奉长者之手。负剑辟咡诏之,则掩口而对。</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1. </span><span style="font-family:宋体;">此一节明父母教子及衣裘裳之法也。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">2.</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 128, 255);">孔颖达认为应为“视”,而不是“示”。</span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">3.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">童子:未成人之名。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">{</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">孔:故童子并缁布襦袴也。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">}</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">其他:</span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">驷不及舌:《论语·颜渊》</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">:</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">“夫子之说君子也,驷不及舌。”一句话说出口,四匹马拉的车也追不回;比喻一句话说出来,再也无法收回。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2.</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">缋</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">:色彩鲜明。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;"></span></span></p><p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 10px;">作者:不确定uncertain</span></p><p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 10px;">编辑:<span style="font-family: Calibri;">不确定uncertain</span></span></p><section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section data-style-id="24684" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"><p style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: 30px;width: 4em;background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);transform: rotateZ(0deg);"><br></p><section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-top: -15px;padding: 15px;border-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-color: rgb(113, 152, 179);border-top-style: solid;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;text-align: justify;">不读不懂,多读多懂,不懂处渴望请教,读懂处期盼交流。望减少疏离和孤独感、获得相对意义的快乐。</span></p><p><br></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong>愿,吾道不孤,必有邻。</strong></span></p><p style="color: rgb(246, 160, 181);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 3px;font-size: 14px;text-align: 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